An in vitro study of dual drug combinations of anti-viral agents, antibiotics, and/or hydroxychloroquine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus isolated from hospitalized patients in Surabaya, Indonesia
Purwati et al.,
An in vitro study of dual drug combinations of anti-viral agents, antibiotics, and/or hydroxychloroquine..,
PLOS One, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252302 (In Vitro)
In Vitro study of combinations of drugs showing antiviral efficacy of HCQ alone and in combination with AZ, favipiravir, and doxycycline. No high levels of cytotoxicity were observed, and authors conclude that using a combination of drugs can reduce the degree of cytotoxicity, increase antiviral activity, reduce the effect on pro-inflammatory markers, and increase anti-inflammatory response.
14 In Vitro studies support the efficacy of HCQ
[Andreani, Clementi, Dang, Delandre, Faísca, Hoffmann, Liu, Ou, Purwati, Sheaff, Wang, Wang (B), Yao, Yuan].
Purwati et al., 18 Jun 2021, peer-reviewed, 16 authors.
In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
Abstract: PLOS ONE
RESEARCH ARTICLE
An in vitro study of dual drug combinations of
anti-viral agents, antibiotics, and/or
hydroxychloroquine against the SARS-CoV-2
virus isolated from hospitalized patients in
Surabaya, Indonesia
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OPEN ACCESS
Citation: Purwati , Miatmoko A, Nasronudin ,
Hendrianto E, Karsari D, Dinaryanti A, et al. (2021)
An in vitro study of dual drug combinations of antiviral agents, antibiotics, and/or hydroxychloroquine
against the SARS-CoV-2 virus isolated from
hospitalized patients in Surabaya, Indonesia. PLoS
ONE 16(6): e0252302. https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal.pone.0252302
Editor: Mrinmoy Sanyal, Stanford University
School of Medicine, UNITED STATES
Received: October 9, 2020
Accepted: May 13, 2021
Published: June 18, 2021
Copyright: © 2021 Purwati et al. This is an open
access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original
author and source are credited.
Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are
within the manuscript and its Supporting
Information files.
Funding: This study was funded by State
Intelligence Agency (BIN) of Republic of Indonesia.
The funder had no role in study design, data
collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
Purwati ID1,2,3*, Andang Miatmoko1,4, Nasronudin5, Eryk Hendrianto1, Deya Karsari1,
Aristika Dinaryanti1, Nora Ertanti1, Igo Syaiful Ihsan1, Disca Sandyakala Purnama1, Tri
Pudy Asmarawati5, Erika Marfiani5, Yulistiani4,5, Alfian Nur Rosyid5, Prastuti
Asta Wulaningrum5, Herley Windo Setiawan5, Imam Siswanto6, Ni Nyoman Tri
Puspaningsih7
1 Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga,
Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia, 2 Faculty of Vocations, Universitas Airlangga, Gubeng, Surabaya,
Indonesia, 3 Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, 4 Faculty of
Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia, 5 Rumah Sakit Umum dan Rumah Sakit
Khusus Infeksi, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia, 6 Bioinformatic Laboratory, UCoE
Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, 7 Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
* purwati@fk.unair.ac.id
Abstract
A potent therapy for the infectious coronavirus disease COVID-19 is urgently required with,
at the time of writing, research in this area still ongoing. This study aims to evaluate the in
vitro anti-viral activities of combinations of certain commercially available drugs that have
recently formed part of COVID-19 therapy. Dual combinatory drugs, namely; LopinavirRitonavir (LOPIRITO)-Clarithromycin (CLA), LOPIRITO-Azithromycin (AZI), LOPIRITODoxycycline (DOXY), Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-AZI, HCQ-DOXY, Favipiravir (FAVI)-AZI,
HCQ-FAVI, and HCQ-LOPIRITO, were prepared. These drugs were mixed at specific ratios
and evaluated for their safe use based on the cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values of
human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. The anti-viral efficacy of these combinations
in relation to Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus isolated from a patient in Universitas
Airlangga hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia and evaluated for IC50 24, 48, and 72 hours after
viral inoculation was subsequently determined...
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