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Quantum chemical studies on molecular structure, AIM, ELF, RDG and antiviral activities of hybrid hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: molecular docking and DFT calculations

Noureddine et al., Journal of King Saud University - Science, doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2020.101334
Jan 2021  
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HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 419 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 109 treatments. c19hcq.org
In silico analysis of hydroxychloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate predicting that hydroxychloroquine sulfate is more stable and effective for COVID-19.
38 preclinical studies support the efficacy of HCQ for COVID-19:
Noureddine et al., 6 Jan 2021, peer-reviewed, 5 authors.
In Silico studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
This PaperHCQAll
Quantum chemical studies on molecular structure, AIM, ELF, RDG and antiviral activities of hybrid hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: Molecular docking and DFT calculations
Olfa Noureddine, Noureddine Issaoui, Mouna Medimagh, Omar Al-Dossary, Houda Marouani
Journal of King Saud University - Science, doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2020.101334
StructureÀactivity relationships for hydroxychloroquine compound and its derivatives resulted in a potent antiviral activity. Where hydroxychloroquine derivatives showed an apparent efficacy against coronavirus related pneumonia. For this reason, the current study is focused on the structural properties of hydroxychloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate. Optimized structures of these molecules have been reported by using DFT method at B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. The geometric were determined and compared with the experimental crystal structure. The intra and intermolecular interactions which exist within these compounds are analyzed by different methods namely the topological analysis AIM, ELF and the reduced gradient of the density. These approaches make it possible in particular to study the properties of hydrogen bonds. The highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels are constructed and the corresponding frontier energy gaps are determined to realize the charge transfer within the molecule. The densities of state diagrams were determined to calculate contributions to the molecular orbitals. The molecular electrostatic potential surfaces are determined to give a visual representation of charge distribution of these ligands and to provide information linked to electrophilic and nucleophilic sites localization. Finally, these derivatives were evaluated for the inhibition of COVID-19 activity by using the molecular docking method.
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2020.101334.
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