In Vitro study showing that endosomal acidification inhibitors like HCQ minimize SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking viral internalization and RNA release in cells expressing ACE2. Authors utilized super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to analyze the effects of CQ, HCQ, Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), and Dynasore on the endocytic processes of SARS-CoV-2. All four compounds inhibited the internalization and degradation of the RBD-ACE2 complex in living cells, with BafA1 showing the highest inhibition rate. The results confirm that endosomal acidification inhibitors can disrupt critical stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection within host cells.
See also Shang et al., an In Vitro and mouse study showing that endosomal acidification inhibitors CQ, bafilomycin A1, and NH4CL suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication and relieve viral pneumonia. Authors found that these compounds significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral yields in Vero E6, Huh-7, and 293T-ACE2 cells. In hACE2 transgenic mice, CQ and bafilomycin A1 reduced viral replication in lung tissues and alleviated pneumonia with reduced inflammatory infiltration and improved alveolar structure.
36 preclinical studies support the efficacy of HCQ for COVID-19:
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