Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Abstract
All HCQ studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19hcq.org COVID-19 treatment researchHCQHCQ (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model

Yan et al., Cell Research, 23, 300–302, doi:10.1038/cr.2012.165
Dec 2012  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 418 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,000+ studies for 104 treatments. c19hcq.org
CQ, a known autophagy inhibitor that is in clinical use, can efficiently ameliorate acute lung injury and dramatically improve the survival rate in mice infected with live avian influenza A H5N1 virus.
38 preclinical studies support the efficacy of HCQ for COVID-19:
Yan et al., 4 Dec 2012, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
This PaperHCQAll
Abstract: npg CQ ameliorates acute lung injury induced by H5N1 virus 300 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Cell Research (2013) 23:300-302. © 2013 IBCB, SIBS, CAS All rights reserved 1001-0602/13 $ 32.00 www.nature.com/cr Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model Cell Research (2013) 23:300-302. doi:10.1038/cr.2012.165; published online 4 December 2012 Dear Editor, The recent controversial studies of man-made avian flu viruses caused a media storm, and brought new concerns to the potential of an avian influenza H5N1 virus pandemic, which has been pending since 1997 [1, 2]. Although the estimated mortality rate of avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in humans could be as high as 60%, the World Health Organization (WHO) phase of pandemic alert is currently set at 3, due to that there has not been human-to-human or community-level transmission (http://www.who.int/influenza/preparedness/pandemic/h5n1phase/en/index.html). However, the newly created H5N1 virus strains, which are genetically altered, are transmissible among ferrets, and thus may trigger a real pandemic that could potentially result in millions of deaths according to Science Insider [3]. While it is arguably a bit too late to debate whether regulations or mandatory reviews should be applied to these dualuse studies, in the matter of fact, these viruses that are probably among the most dangerous infectious agents known already exist. Therefore, a top priority at present is to find effective prophylactic or therapeutic agents that would help to control a pandemic of avian influenza A H5N1 viruses. Previous reports have demonstrated that the high mortality in humans infected with avian influenza A H5N1 is partly due to acute lung injury or the resulting severe condition, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [4, 5]. There are few treatment choices for ARDS, aside from mechanical supporting equipment and empirical treatments. The use of cortisones is controversial. We have recently discovered that avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection causes acute lung injury by inducing autophagic alveolar epithelial cell death [6]. Importantly, we found that autophagy inhibitors are effective in ameliorating murine acute lung injury induced by live avian influenza A H5N1 virus infections [6]. We thus hypothesize that if a drug that is currently in clinical use can act to inhibit autophagy, then such a drug might be a good candidate for treating H5N1 infections. To test this, we have focused our efforts on chloroquine (CQ), as CQ is the only oral clinical drug that is known to be an autophagy inhibitor [7]. CQ, or N′-(7chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N,N-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine, was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag and his coworkers at Bayer Laboratories and was introduced into clinical practice in 1947 as a prophylactic treatment for malaria [8]. Currently, CQ and its hydroxyl form, HCQ, are used as anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus and amoebic hepatitis. More recently, CQ has been studied for its potential use as an enhancing agent in cancer therapies as well as novel antagonists to chemokine receptor CXCR4 in pancreatic cancer [8, 9]. We first tested whether CQ could inhibit cell death in the human lung carcinoma A549 cells infected with live avian influenza A H5N1 virus. The cell viability was improved both prophylactically and therapeutically in a dose-dependent manner with..
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 14]], 'date-time': '2024-05-14T21:57:00Z', 'timestamp': 1715723820072}, 'reference-count': 13, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '2', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2012, 12, 4]], 'date-time': '2012-12-04T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1354579200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://www.springer.com/tdm'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2013, 2]]}, 'DOI': '10.1038/cr.2012.165', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2012, 12, 4]], 'date-time': '2012-12-04T11:42:13Z', 'timestamp': 1354621333000}, 'page': '300-302', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 238, 'title': 'Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus ' 'infection in an animal model', 'prefix': '10.1038', 'volume': '23', 'author': [ {'given': 'Yiwu', 'family': 'Yan', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Zhen', 'family': 'Zou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yang', 'family': 'Sun', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Xiao', 'family': 'Li', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Kai-Feng', 'family': 'Xu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Yuquan', 'family': 'Wei', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ningyi', 'family': 'Jin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Chengyu', 'family': 'Jiang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2012, 12, 4]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Herfst S, Schrauwen EJ, Linster M, et al. Science 2012; 336:1534–1541.', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.1213362'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Imai M, Watanabe T, Hatta M, et al. Nature 2012; 486:420–428.', 'DOI': '10.1038/nature10831'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Enserink M . Science 2011; 334:1192–1193.', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.334.6060.1192'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Bauer TT, Ewig S, Rodloff AC, et al. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:748–756.', 'DOI': '10.1086/506430'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Wang H, Jiang C . Sci China C Life Sci 2009; 52:459–463.', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11427-009-0059-7'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Sun Y, Li C, Shu Y, et al. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra16.', 'DOI': '10.1126/scisignal.2001931'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Carew JS, Espitia CM, Esquivel JA 2nd, et al. J Biol Chem 2011; ' '286:6602–6613.', 'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.M110.151324'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Solomon VR, Lee H . Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 625:220–233.', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.063'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Kim J, Yip ML, Shen X, et al. PLoS One 2012; 7:e 31004.', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0031004'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Savarino A . Lancet Infect Dis 2011; 11:653–654.', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70092-5'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Wang H, Jiang C . Sci China C Life Sci 2009; 52:464–469.', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11427-009-0061-0'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Paton NI, Lee L, Xu Y, et al. Lancet Infect Dis 2011; 11:677–683.', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70065-2'}, { 'key': 'BFcr2012165_CR13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Lund J, Sato A, Akira S, et al. J Exp Med 2003; 198:513–520.', 'DOI': '10.1084/jem.20030162'}], 'container-title': 'Cell Research', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'http://www.nature.com/articles/cr2012165.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'http://www.nature.com/articles/cr2012165', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'http://www.nature.com/articles/cr2012165.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 5, 18]], 'date-time': '2023-05-18T13:31:16Z', 'timestamp': 1684416676000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/cr2012165'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2012, 12, 4]]}, 'references-count': 13, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '2', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2013, 2]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['BFcr2012165'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2012.165', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1001-0602', '1748-7838'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Cell Res', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2012, 12, 4]]}}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit