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Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment?

Rahman et al., Biological Trace Element Research, doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02194-9
May 2020  
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HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 419 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 110 treatments. c19hcq.org
Review of the potential benefits of zinc treatment for COVID-19. Zinc plays important roles in enhancing both innate and adaptive immunity against viral infections. The authors propose that zinc could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by directly inhibiting the activity of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Furthermore, chloroquine acts as an ionophore for zinc, allowing it to enter cells and exert antiviral effects. Authors also highlight how zinc treatment could work synergistically with other antiviral drugs being investigated for COVID-19 treatment. While acknowledging potential toxicity issues with excessive zinc intake, the authors argue that appropriate zinc treatment may be beneficial as part of COVID-19 treatment protocols.
Reviews covering hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 include1-26.
Review covers zinc and HCQ.
Rahman et al., 26 May 2020, peer-reviewed, 2 authors. Contact: m.tariqur.rahman@gmail.com, tarique@um.edu.my, syedzahir@iium.edu.my, szidid@gmail.com.
This PaperHCQAll
Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment?
Mohammad Tariqur Rahman, Syed Zahir Idid
Biological Trace Element Research, doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02194-9
The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has prompted investigators worldwide to search for an effective antiviral treatment. A number of anti-viral drugs such as ribavirin, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antibiotics such as azithromycin and doxycycline, and anti-parasite such as ivermectin have been recommended for COVID-19 treatment. In addition, sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence have been presented to use chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, Zn has the ability to enhance innate and adaptive immunity in the course of a viral infection. Besides, Zn supplement can favour COVID-19 treatment using those suggested and/or recommended drugs. Again, the effectiveness of Zn can be enhanced by using chloroquine as an ionophore while Zn inside the infected cell can stop SARS-CoV-2 replication. Given those benefits, this perspective paper describes how and why Zn could be given due consideration as a complement to the prescribed treatment of COVID-19.
Compliance with Ethical Standards Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics Approval Not applicable. Consent to Participate (Include Appropriate Statements) Not applicable. Code Availability Not applicable. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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