All Studies Meta Analysis Recent:

Update on Use of Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine to Treat Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Gao et al., Biosci Trends, May 21, 2020, 14:2, 156-158, doi:10.5582/bst.2020.03072, Epub Apr 13, 2020

Apr 2020

Post
Facebook

Source PDF All Studies Meta AnalysisMeta

HCQ for COVID-19

1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020

^*, now known with p < 0.00000000001 from 422 studies, recognized in 42 countries.

Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. ^* >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.

4,000+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19hcq.org

Increasing evidence from completed clinical studies shows CQ and HCQ effective (HCQ more effective).

Reviews covering hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 include Al-Bari, Brouqui, Colson, Derwand, Gao, Goldstein, Hecel, IHU, Kaur, Li, Loo, Matada, Roussel, Sahraei, Todaro, Vigbedor.

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

1. Al-Bari, M., Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases, Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, doi:10.1002/prp2.293.wiley.com, doi.org.

2. Brouqui et al., There is no such thing as a Ministry of Truth and why it is important to challenge conventional “wisdom” - A personal view, New Microbes and New Infections, doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101155.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

3. Colson et al., Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as Available Weapons to Fight COVID-19, Int J. Antimicrob Agents, doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105932. Epub 2020 Mar 4., www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7135139/.nih.gov.

4. Derwand et al., Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to win today's battle against COVID-19?, Medical Hypotheses, doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109815.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

5. Gao et al., Update on Use of Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine to Treat Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Biosci Trends, May 21, 2020, 14:2, 156-158, doi:10.5582/bst.2020.03072.go.jp, doi.org.

6. Goldstein, L., Hydroxychloroquine-based COVID-19 Treatment, A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence and Expert Opinion from Physicians’ Surveys, Preprint, July 7, 2020, wattsupwiththat.com/2020/07/07/hydroxychloroquine-based-covid-19-treatment-a-systematic-review-of-clinical-evidence-and-expert-opinion-from-physicians-surveys/.wattsupwiththat.com.

7. Hecel et al., Zinc(II)—The Overlooked Éminence Grise of Chloroquine’s Fight against COVID-19?, Pharmaceuticals, 13:9, 228, doi:10.3390/ph13090228.mdpi.com, doi.org.

8. IHU, Natural history and therapeutic options for COVID-19, Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, www.mediterranee-infection.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ERM-2020-0073.R1_Proof_hi.pdf.mediterranee-infection.com.

9. Kaur et al., Folic acid as placebo in controlled clinical trials of hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis in COVID-19: Is it scientifically justifiable?, Medical Hypotheses, doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110539.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

10. Li et al., Is hydroxychloroquine beneficial for COVID-19 patients?, Cell Death & Disease volume 11, doi:10.1038/s41419-020-2721-8.nature.com, doi.org.

11. Loo et al., Recent Advances in Inhaled Nanoformulations of Vaccines and Therapeutics Targeting Respiratory Viral Infections, Pharmaceutical Research, doi:10.1007/s11095-023-03520-1.springer.com, doi.org.

12. Matada et al., A comprehensive review on the biological interest of quinoline and its derivatives, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115973.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

13. Roussel et al., Influence of conflicts of interest on public positions in the COVID-19 era, the case of Gilead Sciences, New Microbes and New Infections, Volume 38 , doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100710.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

14. Sahraei et al., Aminoquinolines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, Int. J. Antimicrobial Agents, April 2020, 55:4, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105945.europepmc.org, doi.org.

15. Todaro et al., An Effective Treatment for Coronavirus (COVID-19), github.com/covidtrial/info/raw/master/An%20Effective%20Treatment%20for%20Coronavirus%20(COVID-19).pdf.github.com.

16. Vigbedor et al., Review of four major biomolecular target sites for COVID-19 and possible inhibitors as treatment interventions, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, doi:10.7324/JAPS.2021.110825.japsonline.com, doi.org.

Gao et al., 13 Apr 2020, peer-reviewed, 2 authors.

This Paper HCQ All

Update on use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Jianjun Gao, Shasha Hu

BioScience Trends, doi:10.5582/bst.2020.03072

Coronavirus disease 2019 has caused more than 1 million confirmed cases and approximately 70,000 deaths worldwide as of April 6, 2020 (1). Drugs that are specifically efficacious against SARS-CoV-2 have yet to be established. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have garnered considerable attention for their potential to treat COVID-19. In China, chloroquine was added to the "Guidance for Corona Virus Disease 2019: Prevention, Control, Diagnosis, and Management" issued by the National Health Commission on February 18, 2020 (2). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization for chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 on March 28, 2020 (3). The European Medicines Agency contended that the two drugs should be used in clinical trials or national emergency use programs for the treatment of COVID-19 on April 1, 2020 (4). The low cost and easy availability of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine may help to curb this global public health emergency if their efficacy and safety are ultimately verified in clinical studies. Chloroquine phosphate is the first drug reported to display efficacy against COVID-19 in early clinical studies in China (5, 6) . Based on this encouraging finding, chloroquine phosphate was added to the Sixth Edition of the Guidance for tentative treatment of . The Sixth Edition recommended that adult patients in whom chloroquine is not contraindicated should take chloroquine phosphate tablets, 500 mg (300 mg for chloroquine) twice a day for no more than 10 days (7). To reduce the risk of adverse effects of chloroquine, the Seventh Edition of the Guidance, issued on March 3, 2020, recommends a reduced dosage and shortened

References

Chen, Hu, Zhang, Jiang, Han et al., Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: Results of a randomized clinical trial, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.03.22.20040758

Chen, Liu, Liu, Xu, Xia et al., A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19

Gao, Tian, Yang, Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies, Biosci Trends

Gautret, Lagier, Parola, Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin

Gautret, Lagier, Parola, Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial, Int J Antimicrob Agents, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949

Huang, Tang, Pang, Treating COVID-19 with Chloroquine, J Mol Cell Biol

Lenzer, Covid-19: US gives emergency approval to hydroxychloroquine despite lack of evidence, BMJ

Liu, Cao, Xu, Wang, Zhang et al., Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, Cell Discov

Zhou, Yu, Du, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study, Lancet

Download Image

Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.

Submit

Post

@CovidAnalysis

FAQ

Public domain CC0 1.0