Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
next
study
previous
study
c19hcq.org COVID-19 treatment researchHCQHCQ (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of individual participant data of randomized trials

Mitjà et al., Clinical and Translational Science, doi:10.1111/cts.13468, NCT04304053
Jan 2023  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Viral clearance, <4 days.. 33% Improvement Relative Risk Viral clearance, <4 da.. (b) 24% Viral clearance, <4 da.. (c) 30% Viral clearance, <4 da.. (d) 13% Viral clearance, inc. late.. 7% Viral clearance, inc. l.. (b) 4% Viral clearance, inc. l.. (c) 6% Viral clearance, inc. l.. (d) 1% HCQ for COVID-19  Mitjà et al.  META ANALYSIS c19hcq.org FavorsHCQ Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 419 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19hcq.org
Extremely high COI (includes authors of trials playing a key role in the suppression of treatment, and funded by the Gates Foundation) IPD meta analysis of 11 HCQ outpatient treatment and prophylaxis trials, showing significantly improved viral clearance for treatment <4 days. This result is hidden in the supplementary material, and authors combine late treatment patients to generate a null result overall. Less than 20% of patients included had symptoms <4 days.
Hospitalization results for <4 days are not currently available, only combined results showing no significant difference. Early treatment hospitalization is the most important outcome analyzed in this study. We are unaware of a reason to leave these results out, other than to hide the efficacy of early treatment. For all current trials, early treatment shows 41% [28‑51%] lower hospitalization vs. 2% [-10‑16%] higher hospitalization for late treatment.
No individual study outcome results are provided, preventing error checking.
Authors state that "Individual data from participants who received HCQ combined with other drugs were excluded from the analysis", however this appears to have been selectively enforced - authors include patients treated with HCQ+azithromycin.
Authors indicate excluding 89 patients treated with darunavir for NCT04304053 (history), however the relevant paper1 does not show any patients receiving darunavir.
Authors state that "most [patients] were greater than or equal to 3 days from symptom onset (50–54%)", which appears to be incorrect in two ways. Table 2 shows that the cutoff was ≤3 and >3, i.e. ≥4 assuming only integer delays, and the percentages in the late treatment group range from 80-86% (of the patients where the delay is known).
9 meta analyses show significant improvements with hydroxychloroquine for mortality2-5, hospitalization2, recovery6, combined death/hospitalization/cases7, cases8,9, and viral clearance10.
Currently there are 38 HCQ for COVID-19 early treatment studies, showing 76% lower mortality [61‑85%], 67% lower ventilation [-710‑99%], 31% lower ICU admission [1‑53%], and 41% lower hospitalization [28‑51%].
risk of no viral clearance, 32.7% lower, RR 0.67, p = 0.02, treatment 28 of 55 (50.9%), control 31 of 41 (75.6%), NNT 4.0, <4 days symptoms, day 7, Table S8.
risk of no viral clearance, 24.1% lower, RR 0.76, p = 0.07, treatment 20 of 30 (66.7%), control 29 of 33 (87.9%), NNT 4.7, <4 days symptoms, day 3, Table S8.
risk of no viral clearance, 30.4% lower, RR 0.70, p = 0.02, treatment 26 of 47 (55.3%), control 31 of 39 (79.5%), NNT 4.1, <4 days symptoms, baseline positive, day 7, Table S9.
risk of no viral clearance, 12.5% lower, RR 0.87, p = 0.22, treatment 18 of 22 (81.8%), control 29 of 31 (93.5%), NNT 8.5, <4 days symptoms, baseline positive, day 3, Table S9.
risk of no viral clearance, 6.8% lower, RR 0.93, p = 0.24, treatment 292 of 587 (49.7%), control 252 of 472 (53.4%), NNT 27, including late treatment, day 7, Table S8.
risk of no viral clearance, 4.3% lower, RR 0.96, p = 0.30, treatment 345 of 498 (69.3%), control 378 of 522 (72.4%), NNT 32, including late treatment, day 3, Table S8.
risk of no viral clearance, 6.4% lower, RR 0.94, p = 0.27, treatment 283 of 532 (53.2%), control 250 of 440 (56.8%), NNT 28, including late treatment, baseline positive, day 7, Table S9.
risk of no viral clearance, 0.7% lower, RR 0.99, p = 0.88, treatment 334 of 440 (75.9%), control 374 of 489 (76.5%), NNT 174, including late treatment, baseline positive, day 3, Table S9.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Mitjà et al., 4 Jan 2023, peer-reviewed, 27 authors, trial NCT04304053 (history). Contact: omitja@lluita.org.
This PaperHCQAll
Abstract: DOI: 10.1111/cts.13468 | Revised: 18 November 2022 | Accepted: 22 November 2022 ARTICLE Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of non-­hospitalized adults with COVID-­19: A meta-­analysis of individual participant data of randomized trials Oriol Mitjà1,2,3 | Gilmar Reis4,5 | David R. Boulware6 | Adam M. Spivak7 | Ammar Sarwar8 | Christine Johnston9 | Brandon Webb10 | Michael D. Hill11 | Davey Smith12 | Peter Kremsner13,14 | Marla Curran15 | David Carter16 | Jim Alexander15 | Marc Corbacho1 | Todd C. Lee6 | Katherine Huppler Hullsiek6 Emily G. McDonald17 | Rachel Hess7 | Michael Hughes8 | Jared M. Baeten9 | Ilan Schwartz18 | Luanne Metz11 | Lawrence Richer18 | Kara W. Chew19 | Eric Daar20 | David Wohl21 | Michael Dunne15 | 1 Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Barcelona, Spain 2 Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain 3 Lihir Medical Center–­International SOS, Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea 4 Research Division, Cardresearch Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Bello Horizonte, Brazil 5 Cytel Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 6 Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA 7 University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA 8 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 9 Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 10 Intermountain Health Care, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA 11 University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 12 Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA 13 University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany 14 Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon 15 Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 16 MMS Holdings, Canton, Michigan, USA 17 Division of General Internal Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 18 University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 19 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA 20 Lundquist Institute at Harbor-­UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA 21 School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Correspondence Oriol Mitjà, Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Barcelona, Spain, Ctra. de Canyet s/n • Hosp. Univ. Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. Email: omitja@lluita.org This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. © 2023 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Clin Transl Sci. 2023;00:1–12.  www.cts-journal.com   | 1 17528062, 0,
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 5]], 'date-time': '2023-01-05T08:15:39Z', 'timestamp': 1672906539515}, 'reference-count': 28, 'publisher': 'Wiley', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 4]], 'date-time': '2023-01-04T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1672790400000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 4]], 'date-time': '2023-01-04T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1672790400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['onlinelibrary.wiley.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'DOI': '10.1111/cts.13468', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 5]], 'date-time': '2023-01-05T07:42:20Z', 'timestamp': 1672904540000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of non‐hospitalized adults with\n' ' <scp>COVID</scp>\n' ' ‐19: A meta‐analysis of individual participant data of randomized trials', 'prefix': '10.1111', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Oriol', 'family': 'Mitjà', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ {'name': 'Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation Barcelona Spain'}, {'name': 'Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol Badalona Spain'}, { 'name': 'Lihir Medical Center–International SOS Lihir Island, Papua New ' 'Guinea'}]}, { 'given': 'Gilmar', 'family': 'Reis', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Research Division, Cardresearch Cardiologia Assistencial e de ' 'Pesquisa Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Bello ' 'Horizonte Brazil'}, {'name': 'Cytel Inc. Vancouver British Columbia Canada'}]}, { 'given': 'David R.', 'family': 'Boulware', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, ' 'Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis ' 'Minnesota USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Adam M.', 'family': 'Spivak', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Ammar', 'family': 'Sarwar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Christine', 'family': 'Johnston', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology ' 'University of Washington Seattle Washington USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Brandon', 'family': 'Webb', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Intermountain Health Care University of Utah Salt Lake City ' 'Utah USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Michael D.', 'family': 'Hill', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada'}]}, { 'given': 'Davey', 'family': 'Smith', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Global Public Health UC ' 'San Diego School of Medicine San Diego California USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Peter', 'family': 'Kremsner', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ {'name': 'University Hospital of Tübingen Tübingen Germany'}, {'name': 'Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné Lambaréné Gabon'}]}, { 'given': 'Marla', 'family': 'Curran', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute Cambridge ' 'Massachusetts USA'}]}, { 'given': 'David', 'family': 'Carter', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'MMS Holdings Canton Michigan USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Jim', 'family': 'Alexander', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute Cambridge ' 'Massachusetts USA'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8675-2868', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Marc', 'family': 'Corbacho', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation Barcelona Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Todd C.', 'family': 'Lee', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, ' 'Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis ' 'Minnesota USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Katherine Huppler', 'family': 'Hullsiek', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, ' 'Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis ' 'Minnesota USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Emily G.', 'family': 'McDonald', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of General Internal Medicine McGill University Health ' 'Center Montreal Quebec Canada'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2545-8504', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Rachel', 'family': 'Hess', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Michael', 'family': 'Hughes', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Jared M.', 'family': 'Baeten', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology ' 'University of Washington Seattle Washington USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Ilan', 'family': 'Schwartz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'University of Alberta Edmonton Canada'}]}, { 'given': 'Luanne', 'family': 'Metz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada'}]}, { 'given': 'Lawrence', 'family': 'Richer', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'University of Alberta Edmonton Canada'}]}, { 'given': 'Kara W.', 'family': 'Chew', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine David ' 'Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los ' 'Angeles California USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Eric', 'family': 'Daar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Lundquist Institute at Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center Torrance ' 'California USA'}]}, { 'given': 'David', 'family': 'Wohl', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ' 'Chapel Hill North Carolina USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Michael', 'family': 'Dunne', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute Cambridge ' 'Massachusetts USA'}]}], 'member': '311', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 4]]}, 'reference': [ {'key': 'e_1_2_10_2_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.5582/ddt.2020.01012'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_3_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07841.x'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_4_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1186/1743-422X-2-69'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_5_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70361-9'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_6_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.05.015'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_7_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_8_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa237'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_9_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '109', 'DOI': '10.17925/EE.2020.16.2.109', 'article-title': 'Short‐term hydroxychloroquine in COVID‐19 infection in people with or ' 'without metabolic syndrome–clearing safety issues and good clinical ' 'practice', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Dutta D', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Eur Endocrinol'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_10_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/ph15050634'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_11_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1161/CIRCEP.120.008688'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_12_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2012410'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_13_1', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID‐19 ' 'from an international collaborative meta‐analysis of randomized trials', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Axfors C', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nat Commun'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_14_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.22240'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_15_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.7326/M20-4207'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_16_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'E693', 'DOI': '10.9778/cmajo.20210069', 'article-title': 'Assessing the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine as outpatient ' 'treatment of COVID‐19: a randomized controlled trial', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Schwartz I', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'C Open'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_17_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100773'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_18_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.6468'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_19_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa1009'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_20_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2016638'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_21_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2021801'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_22_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2022926'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_23_1', 'article-title': 'WHO discontinues hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment ' 'arms for COVID‐19', 'author': 'World Health Organization (WHO)', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Dent News'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_24_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e20210236', 'DOI': '10.36416/1806-3756/e20210236', 'article-title': 'Use of hydroxychloroquine to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and treat ' 'mild COVID‐19: a systematic review and meta‐analysis', 'volume': '47', 'author': 'Tanni S', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Bras Pneumol'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_25_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '882', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jiac.2021.02.021', 'article-title': 'Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine against ' 'SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Kumar J', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Chemother'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_26_1', 'first-page': 'CD01358', 'article-title': 'Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for prevention and treatment of ' 'COVID‐19', 'volume': '2021', 'author': 'Singh B', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_27_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/jac/dkaa403'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_10_28_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.lana.2021.100062'}, {'key': 'e_1_2_10_29_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2015.3656'}], 'container-title': 'Clinical and Translational Science', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cts.13468', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/cts.13468', 'content-type': 'application/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cts.13468', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 5]], 'date-time': '2023-01-05T07:42:31Z', 'timestamp': 1672904551000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cts.13468'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 4]]}, 'references-count': 28, 'alternative-id': ['10.1111/cts.13468'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cts.13468', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1752-8054', '1752-8062'], 'subject': [ 'General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics', 'General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology', 'General Medicine', 'General Neuroscience'], 'container-title-short': 'Clinical Translational Sci', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 4]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '2022-08-19', 'order': 0, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}, { 'value': '2022-11-22', 'order': 1, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}, { 'value': '2023-01-04', 'order': 2, 'name': 'published', 'label': 'Published', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}]}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit