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Composition analysis of falsified chloroquine phosphate samples seized during the COVID-19 pandemic
Tchounga et al., Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113761 (meta analysis)
Tchounga et al., Composition analysis of falsified chloroquine phosphate samples seized during the COVID-19 pandemic, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113761 (meta analysis)
Nov 2020   Source   PDF  
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Analysis of fake CQ tablets finding:
- no CQ in six samples, substituted with metronidazole (at sub-therapeutic levels) or paracetamol.
- trace levels of paracetamol and chloramphenicol in four and two samples respectively.
- CQ levels too low in two samples.
Currently there are 36 HCQ early treatment studies and meta analysis shows:
OutcomeImprovement
Mortality72% lower [57‑81%]
Ventilation67% lower [-710‑99%]
ICU admission28% lower [-17‑55%]
Hospitalization41% lower [28‑52%]
Tchounga et al., 12 Nov 2020, peer-reviewed, 7 authors.
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Abstract: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 194 (2021) 113761 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jpba Composition analysis of falsified chloroquine phosphate samples seized during the COVID-19 pandemic C.A. Waffo Tchounga a,b , P.Y. Sacre a,∗ , P. Ciza a,c , R. Ngono b,d , E. Ziemons a , Ph. Hubert a , R.D. Marini a a University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, VibraSante Hub, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liege, Belgium University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cameroon c University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, LACOMEDA, Lemba, 212 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo d National Drug Control and Valuation (LANACOME), Yaoundé, Cameroon b a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 21 September 2020 Received in revised form 6 November 2020 Accepted 7 November 2020 Available online 12 November 2020 Keywords: COVID-19 Substandard/falsified medicines Chloroquine phosphate Vibrational spectroscopy Chromatography a b s t r a c t The proliferation of falsified medicines can cause serious public health issues, particularly in the context of a global pandemic such as the actual COVID-19 pandemic. Our study involved eight chloroquine phosphate medicines seized in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Niger during March and May 2020. These suspect samples were first analyzed in a screening phase using field tools such as handheld Raman spectroscopy (TruScan) and then in a confirmation phase using laboratory tools such as hyperspectral Raman imaging and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results confirmed the falsified nature of the samples, highlighting the presence of metronidazole at low dose in four samples (16.6, 15.2, 15.2 and 14.5 mg/tab), too low levels of chloroquine in two samples (2.4 and 20.2 mg/tab), and substitution of chloroquine phosphate by paracetamol in one sample (255.7 mg/tab). The results also confirmed that four samples had been adulterated with paracetamol in trace amounts and two of them presented traces of chloramphenicol. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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