Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All HCQ studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19hcq.org COVID-19 treatment researchHCQHCQ (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST study

Di Castelnuovo et al., European Journal of Internal Medicine, doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019
Aug 2020  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality 30% Improvement Relative Risk HCQ  Di Castelnuovo et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 3,451 patients in Italy Lower mortality with HCQ (p=0.000087) c19hcq.org Di Castelnuovo et al., European J. Int.., Aug 2020 FavorsHCQ Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020
 
*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 417 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,800+ studies for 98 treatments. c19hcq.org
Retrospective 3,451 hospitalized patients, 30% reduction in mortality with HCQ after propensity adjustment, HR 0.70 [0.59 - 0.84].
risk of death, 30.0% lower, HR 0.70, p < 0.001, treatment 386 of 2,634 (14.7%), control 90 of 817 (11.0%), adjusted per study.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Di Castelnuovo et al., 25 Aug 2020, retrospective, Italy, peer-reviewed, 106 authors.
This PaperHCQAll
Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST study
Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Simona Costanzo, Andrea Antinori, Nausicaa Berselli, Lorenzo Blandi, Raffaele Bruno, Roberto Cauda, Giovanni Guaraldi, Lorenzo Menicanti, Ilaria My, Giustino Parruti, Giuseppe Patti, Stefano Perlini, Francesca Santilli, Carlo Signorelli, Enrico Spinoni, Giulio G Stefanini, Alessandra Vergori, Walter Ageno, Antonella Agodi, Luca Aiello, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Samir Al Moghazi, Marinella Astuto, Filippo Aucella, Greta Barbieri, Alessandro Bartoloni, Marialaura Bonaccio, Paolo Bonfanti, Francesco Cacciatore, Lucia Caiano, Francesco Cannata, Laura Carrozzi, Antonio Cascio, Arturo Ciccullo, Antonella Cingolani, Francesco Cipollone, Claudia Colomba, Francesca Crosta, Chiara Dal Pra, Gian Battista Danzi, Damiano D'ardes, Katleen De Gaetano Donati, Paola Del Giacomo, Francesco Di Gennaro, Giuseppe Di Tano, Giampiero D'offizi, Tommaso Filippini, Francesco Maria Fusco, Ivan Gentile, Alessandro Gialluisi, Giancarlo Gini, Elvira Grandone, Leonardo Grisafi, Gabriella Guarnieri, Silvia Lamonica, Francesco Landi, Armando Leone, Gloria Maccagni, Sandro Maccarella, Andrea Madaro, Massimo Mapelli, Riccardo Maragna, Lorenzo Marra, Giulio Maresca, Claudia Marotta, Franco Mastroianni, Maria Mazzitelli, Alessandro Mengozzi, Francesco Menichetti, Marianna Meschiari, Filippo Minutolo, Arturo Montineri, Roberta Mussinelli, Cristina Mussini, Maria Musso, Anna Odone, Marco Olivieri, Emanuela Pasi, Francesco Petri, Biagio Pinchera, Carlo A Pivato, Venerino Poletti, Claudia Ravaglia, Massimo Rinaldi, Andrea Rognoni, Marco Rossato, Ilaria Rossi, Marianna Rossi, Anna Sabena, Francesco Salinaro, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Carlo Sanrocco, Laura Scorzolini, Raffaella Sgariglia, Paola Giustina Simeone, Michele Spinicci, Enrico Maria Trecarichi, Amedeo Venezia, Giovanni Veronesi, Roberto Vettor, Andrea Vianello, Marco Vinceti, Laura Vocciante, Raffaele De Caterina, Licia Iacoviello
European Journal of Internal Medicine, doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019
Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST study The COVID-19 RISK and Treatments (CORIST) Collaboration 1 , * a r t i c l e i n f o
Supplementary materials Supplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019 .
References
Akpovwa, Chloroquine could be used for the treatment of filoviral infections and other viral infections that emerge or emerged from viruses requiring an acidic pH for infectivity, Cell Biochem Funct, doi:10.1002/cbf.3182
Arshad, Kilgore, Chaudhry, Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, Int J Infect Dis, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.099
Boulware, Pullen, Bangdiwala, A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for covid-19
Castelnuovo, Caterina, De Gaetano, Iacoviello, Controversial relationship between renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and severity of COVID-19: announcing a large multicentre case-control study in Italy, doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.1537010.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15370
Chowdhury, Rathod, Gernsheimer, A rapid systematic review of clinical trials utilizing chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19, Acad Emerg Med, doi:10.1111/acem.14005
Cipriani, Zorzi, Ceccato, Arrhythmic profile and 24-hour QT interval variability in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin
Cortegiani, Ingoglia, Ippolito, Giarratano, Einav, A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19, J Crit Care, doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.03.005
Das, Bhowmick, Tiwari, Sen, An updated systematic review of the therapeutic role of hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)
De Wilde, Jochmans, Posthuma, Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, doi:10.1128/AAC.03011-14
Devaux, Rolain, Colson, Raoult, New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?, Int J Antimicrob Agents, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938
Diologico Monzino, Italy aj UOC Malattie Infettive-Epatologia, National Institute for Infectious Diseases
Dowall, Bosworth, Watson, Chloroquine inhibited Ebola virus replication in vitro but failed to protect against infection and disease in the in vivo guinea pig model, J Gen Virol, doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000309
Garrido, Kelley, Paris, Methods for constructing and assessing propensity scores, Health Serv Res, doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12182
Geleris, Sun, Platt, Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with covid-19, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2012410
Glidden, Vittinghoff, Modelling clustered survival data from multicentre clinical trials, Stat Med, doi:10.1002/sim.1599
Hernandez, Roman, Pasupuleti, Barboza, White, Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19: a living systematic review
Horby, Mafham, Linsell, Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: preliminary results from a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.201518522020
Lagier, Million, Gautret, Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis
Mcgonagle, Sharif, 'regan, Bridgewood, The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in covid-19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome-like disease, Autoimmun Rev, doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102537
Mehra, Desai, Ruschitzka, Patel, Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis, Lancet, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736\05020\05131180-6
Mehra, Ruschitzka, Patel, Retraction-Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis [retraction of, Lancet, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31324-6
Mercuro, Yen, Shim, Maher, Mccoy et al., Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), JAMA Cardiol, doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1834
Roldan, Biasiotto, Magro, Zanella, The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): a role for iron homeostasis?
Rosenberg, Dufort, Udo, Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York State [published online ahead of print, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8630
Rubin, Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys
Saleh, Gabriels, Chang, The effect of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on the corrected QT interval in patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.120.008662
Savarino, Boelaert, Cassone, Majori, Cauda, Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases?, Lancet Infect Dis, doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00806-5
Savarino, Shytaj, Chloroquine and beyond: exploring anti-rheumatic drugs to reduce immune hyperactivation in HIV/AIDS, Retrovirology, doi:10.1186/s12977-015-0178-0
Shah, Das, Jain, Misra, Negi, A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease-19, COVID
Shukla, Shukla, Expanding horizons for clinical applications of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and related structural analogues, Drugs Context, doi:10.7573/dic.2019-9-1
Tang, Cao, Han, Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial, BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.m1849
Thachil, The versatile heparin in COVID-19, J Thromb Haemost, doi:10.1111/jth.14821
Vanderweele, Ding, Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the e-value, Ann Intern Med, doi:10.7326/M16-2607
Vincent, Bergeron, Benjannet, Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread, Virol J, doi:10.1186/1743-422X-2-69
Yao, Ye, Zhang, In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Clin Infect Dis, doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa237
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 8]], 'date-time': '2024-03-08T01:59:29Z', 'timestamp': 1709863169757}, 'reference-count': 42, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 1]], 'date-time': '2020-12-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1606780800000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'ejinme.com', 'clinicalkey.jp', 'clinicalkey.com', 'clinicalkey.es', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'clinicalkey.fr', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 8, 25]], 'date-time': '2020-08-25T11:44:03Z', 'timestamp': 1598355843000}, 'page': '38-47', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 64, 'title': 'Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced ' 'mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST study', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'volume': '82', 'author': [ {'given': 'Augusto Di', 'family': 'Castelnuovo', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Simona', 'family': 'Costanzo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Andrea', 'family': 'Antinori', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Nausicaa', 'family': 'Berselli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Lorenzo', 'family': 'Blandi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Raffaele', 'family': 'Bruno', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Roberto', 'family': 'Cauda', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giovanni', 'family': 'Guaraldi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Lorenzo', 'family': 'Menicanti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ilaria', 'family': 'My', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giustino', 'family': 'Parruti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giuseppe', 'family': 'Patti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Stefano', 'family': 'Perlini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesca', 'family': 'Santilli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Carlo', 'family': 'Signorelli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Enrico', 'family': 'Spinoni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giulio G.', 'family': 'Stefanini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Alessandra', 'family': 'Vergori', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Walter', 'family': 'Ageno', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Antonella', 'family': 'Agodi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Luca', 'family': 'Aiello', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Piergiuseppe', 'family': 'Agostoni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Samir Al', 'family': 'Moghazi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Marinella', 'family': 'Astuto', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Filippo', 'family': 'Aucella', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Greta', 'family': 'Barbieri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Alessandro', 'family': 'Bartoloni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Marialaura', 'family': 'Bonaccio', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Paolo', 'family': 'Bonfanti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesco', 'family': 'Cacciatore', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Lucia', 'family': 'Caiano', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesco', 'family': 'Cannata', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Laura', 'family': 'Carrozzi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Antonio', 'family': 'Cascio', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Arturo', 'family': 'Ciccullo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Antonella', 'family': 'Cingolani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesco', 'family': 'Cipollone', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Claudia', 'family': 'Colomba', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesca', 'family': 'Crosta', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Chiara Dal', 'family': 'Pra', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Gian Battista', 'family': 'Danzi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Damiano', 'family': "D'Ardes", 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'given': 'Katleen de Gaetano', 'family': 'Donati', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Paola Del', 'family': 'Giacomo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesco Di', 'family': 'Gennaro', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giuseppe', 'family': 'Di Tano', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giampiero', 'family': "D'Offizi", 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Tommaso', 'family': 'Filippini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesco Maria', 'family': 'Fusco', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ivan', 'family': 'Gentile', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Alessandro', 'family': 'Gialluisi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giancarlo', 'family': 'Gini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Elvira', 'family': 'Grandone', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Leonardo', 'family': 'Grisafi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Gabriella', 'family': 'Guarnieri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Silvia', 'family': 'Lamonica', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesco', 'family': 'Landi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Armando', 'family': 'Leone', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Gloria', 'family': 'Maccagni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sandro', 'family': 'Maccarella', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Andrea', 'family': 'Madaro', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Massimo', 'family': 'Mapelli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Riccardo', 'family': 'Maragna', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Lorenzo', 'family': 'Marra', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giulio', 'family': 'Maresca', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Claudia', 'family': 'Marotta', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Franco', 'family': 'Mastroianni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Maria', 'family': 'Mazzitelli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Alessandro', 'family': 'Mengozzi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesco', 'family': 'Menichetti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Marianna', 'family': 'Meschiari', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Filippo', 'family': 'Minutolo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Arturo', 'family': 'Montineri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Roberta', 'family': 'Mussinelli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Cristina', 'family': 'Mussini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Maria', 'family': 'Musso', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Anna', 'family': 'Odone', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Marco', 'family': 'Olivieri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Emanuela', 'family': 'Pasi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesco', 'family': 'Petri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Biagio', 'family': 'Pinchera', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Carlo A.', 'family': 'Pivato', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Venerino', 'family': 'Poletti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Claudia', 'family': 'Ravaglia', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Massimo', 'family': 'Rinaldi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Andrea', 'family': 'Rognoni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Marco', 'family': 'Rossato', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ilaria', 'family': 'Rossi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Marianna', 'family': 'Rossi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Anna', 'family': 'Sabena', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesco', 'family': 'Salinaro', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Vincenzo', 'family': 'Sangiovanni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Carlo', 'family': 'Sanrocco', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Laura', 'family': 'Scorzolini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Raffaella', 'family': 'Sgariglia', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Paola Giustina', 'family': 'Simeone', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Michele', 'family': 'Spinicci', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Enrico Maria', 'family': 'Trecarichi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Amedeo', 'family': 'Venezia', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giovanni', 'family': 'Veronesi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Roberto', 'family': 'Vettor', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Andrea', 'family': 'Vianello', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Marco', 'family': 'Vinceti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Laura', 'family': 'Vocciante', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Raffaele', 'family': 'De Caterina', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-5885', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Licia', 'family': 'Iacoviello', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0001', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2019', 'DOI': '10.7573/dic.2019-9-1', 'article-title': 'Expanding horizons for clinical applications of chloroquine, ' 'hydroxychloroquine, and related structural analogues', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Shukla', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Drugs Context'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0002', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '722', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00806-5', 'article-title': "Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's " 'diseases?', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'Savarino', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0003', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3484', 'DOI': '10.1099/jgv.0.000309', 'article-title': 'Chloroquine inhibited Ebola virus replication in vitro but failed to ' 'protect against infection and disease in the in vivo guinea pig model', 'volume': '96', 'author': 'Dowall', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'J Gen Virol'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0004', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '191', 'DOI': '10.1002/cbf.3182', 'article-title': 'Chloroquine could be used for the treatment of filoviral infections and ' 'other viral infections that emerge or emerged from viruses requiring an ' 'acidic pH for infectivity', 'volume': '34', 'author': 'Akpovwa', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Cell Biochem Funct'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0005', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '51', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12977-015-0178-0', 'article-title': 'Chloroquine and beyond: exploring anti-rheumatic drugs to reduce immune ' 'hyperactivation in HIV/AIDS', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Savarino', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Retrovirology'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0006', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4875', 'DOI': '10.1128/AAC.03011-14', 'article-title': 'Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four ' 'small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome ' 'coronavirus replication in cell culture', 'volume': '58', 'author': 'de Wilde', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob Agents Chemother'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0007', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938', 'article-title': 'New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against ' 'coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?', 'author': 'Devaux', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0008', 'article-title': 'The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines ' '(chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection ' '(COVID-19): a role for iron homeostasis? [published online ahead of ' 'print, 2020 May 13]', 'volume': '158', 'author': 'Quiros Roldan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Pharmacol Res.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0009', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '69', 'DOI': '10.1186/1743-422X-2-69', 'article-title': 'Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and ' 'spread', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Vincent', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Virol J.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0010', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1834', 'article-title': 'Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of ' 'hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among ' 'hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 ' '(COVID-19)', 'author': 'Mercuro', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Cardiol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0011', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1161/CIRCEP.120.008662', 'article-title': 'The effect of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on the ' 'corrected QT interval in patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection', 'author': 'Saleh', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0012', 'article-title': 'Fact sheet for health care providers: emergency use authorization (EUA) ' 'of hydroxychloroquine sulfate supplied from the strategic national ' 'stockpile for treatment of COVID-19 in certain hospitalized patients', 'volume': '27', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Posted April'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0013', 'unstructured': 'European Medicines Agency. COVID-19: chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine ' 'only to be used in clinical trials or emergency use programmes. ' 'Available ' 'at:https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/covid-19-chloroquine-hydroxychloroquine-only-be-used-clinical-trials-emergency-use-programmes. ' '(Accessed June, 26, 2020).'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0014', 'unstructured': 'Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA). Idrossiclorochina nella terapia dei ' 'pazienti adulti con COVID-19. Available ' 'at:https://www.aifa.gov.it/documents/20142/1123276/idrossiclorochina_29.04.2020.pdf/386d6ea3-c79b-6437-f457-23d33df74256. ' '(Accessed June, 26, 2020).'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0015', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa237', 'article-title': 'In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design ' 'of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory ' 'Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)', 'author': 'Yao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0016', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for ' 'treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis', 'author': 'Mehra', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'issue': '10240', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0017', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1820', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31324-6', 'article-title': 'Retraction-Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a ' 'macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis ' '[retraction of: Lancet. 2020 May 22;:]', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Mehra', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0018', 'unstructured': 'World Health Organization. Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19.Available ' 'at:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/solidarity-clinical-trial-for-covid-19-treatments ' '(Accessed June, 26, 2020).'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0019', 'unstructured': "Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA). AIFA sospende l'autorizzazione " "all'utilizzo di idrossiclorochina per il trattamento del COVID-19 al di " 'fuori degli studi clinici Available ' 'at:https://www.aifa.gov.it/-/aifa-sospende-l-autorizzazione-all-utilizzo-di-idrossiclorochina-per-il-trattamento-del-covid-19-al-di-fuori-degli-studi-clinici. ' '(Accessed May 31, 2020).'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0020', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1111/acem.14005', 'article-title': 'A rapid systematic review of clinical trials utilizing chloroquine and ' 'hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19', 'author': 'Chowdhury', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Acad Emerg Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0021', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '279', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.03.005', 'article-title': 'A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the ' 'treatment of COVID-19', 'volume': '57', 'author': 'Cortegiani', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Crit Care'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0022', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '613', 'DOI': '10.1111/1756-185X.13842', 'article-title': 'A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and ' 'hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Shah', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Rheum Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0023', 'article-title': 'An updated systematic review of the therapeutic role of ' 'hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) [published ' 'online ahead of print, 2020 May 28]', 'author': 'Das', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Drug Investig.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0024', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for treatment or prophylaxis of ' 'COVID-19: a living systematic review [published online ahead of print, ' '2020 May 27]', 'author': 'Hernandez', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0025', 'first-page': '369', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus ' 'disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial', 'author': 'Tang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0026', 'article-title': 'A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis ' 'for covid-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 3]', 'author': 'Boulware', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med.'}, { 'issue': '25', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0027', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2411', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2012410', 'article-title': 'Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with ' 'covid-19', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Geleris', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '24', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0028', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2493', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.8630', 'article-title': 'Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with ' 'in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York State ' '[published online ahead of print, 2020 May 11]', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Rosenberg', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0029', 'unstructured': 'COVID-19 Coronavirus pandemic worldmeters. ' '[https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries(Accessed June, 26, ' '2020).'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0030', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15370', 'article-title': 'Controversial relationship between renin-angiotensin system inhibitors ' 'and severity of COVID-19: announcing a large multicentre case-control ' 'study in Italy [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 8]', 'author': 'Di Castelnuovo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Hypertension.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0031', 'unstructured': 'Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel ' 'coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance, 28 ' 'January 2020. Available ' 'at:https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/330893/WHO-nCoV-Clinical-2020.3-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y ' '(Accessed June, 26, 2020).'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0032', 'series-title': 'Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys', 'author': 'Rubin', 'year': '1987'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0033', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '369', 'DOI': '10.1002/sim.1599', 'article-title': 'Modelling clustered survival data from multicentre clinical trials', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Glidden', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Stat Med'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0034', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1701', 'DOI': '10.1111/1475-6773.12182', 'article-title': 'Methods for constructing and assessing propensity scores', 'volume': '49', 'author': 'Garrido', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Health Serv Res'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0035', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '268', 'DOI': '10.7326/M16-2607', 'article-title': 'Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the e-value', 'volume': '167', 'author': 'VanderWeele', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0036', 'unstructured': 'Società Italiana di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali (SIMIT). Vademecum ' 'per la cura delle persone con malattia da COVID-19. Available ' 'at:http://www.simit.org/medias/1569-covid19-vademecum-13-03-202.pdf, ' '(Accessed June 26, 2020).'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0037', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102537', 'article-title': 'The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in covid-19 induced ' 'pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome-like disease', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'McGonagle', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Autoimmun Rev'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0038', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1020', 'DOI': '10.1111/jth.14821', 'article-title': 'The versatile heparin in COVID-19', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Thachil', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Thromb Haemost'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0039', 'first-page': '15', 'article-title': 'Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: ' 'preliminary results from a multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial', 'volume': '07', 'author': 'Horby', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0040', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '396', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.099', 'article-title': 'Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in ' 'patients hospitalized with COVID-19', 'volume': '97', 'author': 'Arshad', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0041', 'article-title': 'Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with ' 'hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, ' 'France: A retrospective analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 ' 'Jun 25]', 'volume': '36', 'author': 'Lagier', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Travel Med Infect Dis.'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': '10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019_bib0042', 'article-title': 'Arrhythmic profile and 24-hour QT interval variability in COVID-19 ' 'patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin [published ' 'online ahead of print, 2020 May 19]', 'volume': 'S0167-5273', 'author': 'Cipriani', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Cardiol.'}], 'container-title': 'European Journal of Internal Medicine', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0953620520303356?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0953620520303356?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 19]], 'date-time': '2021-03-19T06:22:29Z', 'timestamp': 1616134949000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0953620520303356'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12]]}, 'references-count': 42, 'alternative-id': ['S0953620520303356'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0953-6205'], 'subject': ['Internal Medicine'], 'container-title-short': 'European Journal of Internal Medicine', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with ' 'reduced mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST ' 'study', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, { 'value': 'European Journal of Internal Medicine', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.019', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2020 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All ' 'rights reserved.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}]}
Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit