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All Studies   Meta Analysis   Recent:  

HCQ for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 414 studies

Covid Analysis
Nov 2023  
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• Early treatment shows 65% [54‑74%] lower risk with pooled effects in 38 studies. Results are similar for higher quality studies and for peer-reviewed studies. The 16 mortality and 16 hospitalization results show 76% [60‑86%] lower mortality and 41% [28‑51%] lower hospitalization.
• Late treatment is less successful, with 20% [16‑24%] lower risk from 267 studies. Very late treatment may be harmful, especially with excessive dosages.
• Randomized Controlled Trials show 17% [4‑29%] lower risk, or 23% [9‑36%] when excluding late treatment.
• There is substantial bias towards publishing negative results. Prospective studies show higher efficacy. Negative RCTs received priority treatment at top journals, while positive trials report difficulty publishing. There is a strong geographical bias, with significantly more negative studies from North America.
• Results are missing for 54% of early treatment and prophylaxis RCTs, compared to 18% for late treatment, consistent with the higher prevalence of positive studies for early treatment and prophylaxis, and bias against publishing positive results.
• No treatment or intervention is 100% effective. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. Multiple treatments are typically used in combination, which may be significantly more effective. Lung pharmacokinetics show high inter-individual variability Ruiz.
• All data to reproduce this paper and the sources are in the appendix. Multiple other meta analyses show efficacy for early treatment or prophylaxis García-Albéniz, Ladapo, Landsteiner de Sampaio Amêndola, Prodromos, Risch, Risch (B), Stricker.
7 meta analyses show significant improvements with hydroxychloroquine for mortality Landsteiner de Sampaio Amêndola, Risch, Risch (B), Stricker, hospitalization Landsteiner de Sampaio Amêndola, recovery Prodromos, combined death/hospitalization/cases Ladapo, and cases García-Albéniz.
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of over 100,000 datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Vaccines and treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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