Abstract: Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. International Immunopharmacology 96 (2021) 107636 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Immunopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/intimp Clinical outcomes of patients with mild COVID-19 following treatment with hydroxychloroquine in an outpatient setting Majid Mokhtari a, Minoo Mohraz b, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya c, Hengameh Namdari Tabar d, Jafar-Sadegh Tabrizi l, Katayoun Tayeri e, Saeide Aghamohamadi f, Zahra Rajabpoor g, Manoochehr Karami h, Alireza Raeisi i, Hamid Rahmani j, Hossein Khalili k, * a Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Center for Communicable Disease Control (CDC), IHR National Focal Point, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran d Ministry of Health and Medical Education, AIDS/STI Control Dep. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Eyvanak Street, Shahrak-e-Gharb, Tehran, Iran e Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran Iran, Eyvanak Street, Shahrak-e-Gharb, Tehran, Iran f Health Service Management, Deputy of Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran g Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Eyvanak Street, Shahrak-e-Gharb, Tehran, Iran h Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran i School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran, Deputy of Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran j Department of Pharmacotherapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran k Department of Pharmacotherapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code: 1417614411, P.O. Box: 14155/6451, Tehran, Iran l Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz, Iran b c A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Keywords: COVID-19 Outpatient Hydroxychloroquine The role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in early outpatient management of mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) needs further investigation. This study was a multicenter, population-based national retrospective-cohort investigation of 28,759 adults with mild COVID-19 seen at the network of Comprehensive Healthcare Centers (CHC) between March and September 2020 throughout Iran. The baseline characteristics and outcome variables were extracted from the national integrated health system database. A total of 7295 (25.37%) patients who presented with mild COVID-19 within 3–7 days of symptoms onset received HCQ (400 mg twice daily on day 1 followed by 200 mg twice daily for the next four days and were then followed for 14 days). The main outcome..