Clinical Outcome, Viral Response and Safety Profile of Chloroquine in COVID-19 Patients—Initial Experience
Ram Shahul Niwas, Aneesa Shahul S, M K Garg, Vijaya Lakshmi Nag, Pradeep Kumar Bhatia, Naveen Dutt, Nishant Chauhan, Jaykaran Charan, Shahir Asfahan, Praveen Sharma, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Mithu Banerjee, Pawan Garg, Binit Sureka, Gopal Krishna Bohra, Maya Gopalakrishnan, Sanjeev Misra
Advances in Respiratory Medicine, doi:10.5603/arm.a2020.0139
Introduction: Chloroquine and its analogues are currently being investigated for the treatment and post exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 due to its antiviral activity and immunomodulatory activity. Material and methods: Confirmed symptomatic cases of COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients were supposed to receive chloroquine (CQ) 500 mg twice daily for 7 days. Due to a change in institutional protocol, initial patients received chloroquine and subsequent patients who did not receive chloroquine served as negative controls. Clinical effectiveness was determined in terms of timing of symptom resolution and conversion rate of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on day 14 and day 15 of admission. Results: Twelve COVID-19 patients formed the treatment arm and 17 patients were included in the control arm. The duration of symptoms among the CQ treated group (6.3 ± 2.7 days) was significantly (p-value = 0.009) lower than that of the control group (8.9 ± 2.2 days). There was no significant difference in the rate of RT-PCR negativity in both groups. 2 patients out of 12 developed diarrhea in the CQ therapy arm.
Conclusion: The duration of symptoms among the treated group (with chloroquine) was significantly lower than that of the control group. RT-PCR conversion was not significantly different between the 2 groups.
Conflict of interest None declared.
References
Agostini, Andres, Sims, Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease, mBio,
doi:10.1128/mBio.00221-18Gao, Tian, Xu, Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies, Biosci Trends,
doi:10.5582/bst.2020.01047Jie, He, Xi, Zhi, Multicenter Collaboration Group of Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province and Health Commission of Guangdong Province for chloroquine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumoni-aExpert consensus on chloroquine phosphate for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia, Chinese
Liu, Xiao, Wei, Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2, J Med Virol,
doi:10.1002/jmv.25726Liu, Zhang, Huang, -novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections trigger an exaggerated cytokine response aggravating lung injury
Lu, Zhao, Li, Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding, Lancet,
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8Rosendaal, Gautret, Lagier, Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial, Int J Antimicrob Agents,
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949Tang, Cao, Han, Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial, BMJ,
doi:10.1136/bmj.m1849Who, Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports
Zumla, Chan, Azhar, Coronaviruses -drug discovery and therapeutic options, Nat Rev Drug Discov,
doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.37
