Alkalinization
Analgesics..
Antiandrogens..
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Cannabidiol
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Ensovibep
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Iota-carragee..
Ivermectin
Lactoferrin
Lifestyle..
Melatonin
Metformin
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
Nitric Oxide
Paxlovid
Peg.. Lambda
Povidone-Iod..
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Vitamins..
Zinc

Other
Feedback
Home
Home   COVID-19 treatment studies for Hydroxychloroquine  COVID-19 treatment studies for HCQ  C19 studies: HCQ  HCQ   Select treatmentSelect treatmentTreatmentsTreatments
Alkalinization Meta Lactoferrin Meta
Melatonin Meta
Bromhexine Meta Metformin Meta
Budesonide Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Cannabidiol Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta Nitric Oxide Meta
Ensovibep Meta Paxlovid Meta
Famotidine Meta Peg.. Lambda Meta
Favipiravir Meta Povidone-Iod.. Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Quercetin Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Remdesivir Meta
Iota-carragee.. Meta
Ivermectin Meta Zinc Meta

Other Treatments Global Adoption
All Studies   Meta Analysis   Recent:  
0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Case -9% Improvement Relative Risk c19hcq.org Singer et al. HCQ for COVID-19 PrEP Is pre-exposure prophylaxis with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 32,758 patients in the USA No significant difference in cases Singer et al., Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218500 Favors HCQ Favors control
Hydroxychloroquine ineffective for COVID-19 prophylaxis in lupus and rheumatoid arthritis
Singer et al., Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218500
Singer et al., Hydroxychloroquine ineffective for COVID-19 prophylaxis in lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218500
Aug 2020   Source   PDF  
  Twitter
  Facebook
Share
  All Studies   Meta
Comparison of the percentage of SLE/RA patients on immunosuppressants that were taking HCQ, for COVID-19 diagnosis versus other infections or outpatient visits, finding a similar percentage in each case.
No mortality of severity information is provided to determine if HCQ treated patients fared better. No adjustment for concomitant medications or severity. This study is excluded in the after exclusion results of meta analysis: not fully adjusting for the baseline risk differences within systemic autoimmune patients.
risk of case, 9.0% higher, RR 1.09, p = 0.62, treatment 55 of 10,700 (0.5%), control 104 of 22,058 (0.5%).
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Singer et al., 5 Aug 2020, retrospective, database analysis, USA, peer-reviewed, 3 authors.
All Studies   Meta Analysis   Submit Updates or Corrections
This PaperHCQAll
Abstract: Hydroxychloroquine ineffective for COVID-19 prophylaxis in lupus and rheumatoid arthritis The viewpoint of Graef et al resonates more each day.1 In a pandemic where the cries for certainty were met with a flow of mixed early study results, they admonish festina lente (‘make haste slowly’)! Since Graef, there have been many studies of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for treating COVID-19. These include a randomised controlled trial of 150 mild-­to-­moderate patients and three large observational studies, all inpatient studies that failed to show benefit of HCQ treatment for COVID-19.2–5 Now a new inpatient study, with >80% administered HCQ within 24 hours, finds HCQ associated with substantial mortality reduction.6 Festina lente indeed! A look at HCQ as prophylaxis, where its long half-­life can be leveraged, may help.7 Bozzalla Cassione and colleagues described a northern Italian cohort of 165 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).8 HCQ users had 50% greater risk of COVID-19 (7.9% vs 5.3%; 95% CI for the difference −9.9% to 9.7%), but were limited by just 12 patients with COVID-19 and possible bias due to concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. A Belgian study of 225 patients with SLE found 7.9% of HCQ users and 8.2% of non-­HCQ users had COVID-19 (95% CI for the difference −6.7% to 9.5%), and another Italian study of 914 rheumatologic patients found no preventive benefit for HCQ (0.89% vs 0.62%; 95% CI for the difference −0.84% to 4.28%).9 10 These studies also had few cases (18 and 6) and possible confounding of immunosuppressive therapy. These three studies convincingly prove that HCQ users get COVID-19. However, they all lacked the sample size for meaningful CIs and could not rule out a strong preventive effect for HCQ. We employed a different methodology that accesses a larger population and expands the cohort to include both patients with SLE and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This substantially increased the sample size despite only including patients on immunosuppressive therapy to minimise patient heterogeneity in sequestering behaviour and prioritisation for virus testing. If HCQ is effective prophylaxis, then the proportion of patients with SLE/RA on immunosuppressants using HCQ should be less for COVID-19 cases than for the general population. We queried the commonly used TriNetX Research Network, a federated health research network that aggregates electronic health records from 36 US healthcare organisations (HCOs). Queries return population counts ≥10 patients. We included patients ≥18 years old with SLE or RA and a prescription for an immunosuppressant, diagnosed with COVID-19 since 20 Table 1 January 2020. An outpatient encounter during the prior year was required to increase sensitivity of diagnoses and prescriptions. We then determined the proportion prescribed HCQ in the prior year. SLE/RA diagnoses and prescriptions were within the year preceding index diagnosis. With 90-­day prescriptions and three refills common, many patients get one prescription per year, so only one prescription was required for HCQ or immunosuppressants. We considered two control groups for the year prior to the COVID-19 study period1: patients diagnosed with influenza/ pneumonia/other lower respiratory infection (I/P/LRI), as a group with similar symptoms, and2 everyone with an outpatient visit (OP). Diagnoses were based on ICD-10 codes and prescriptions were identified using the Veterans Affairs Drug Classification System. Data were accessed..
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit