Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Abstract
All HCQ studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19hcq.org COVID-19 treatment researchHCQHCQ (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Hydroxychloroquine as an aerosol might markedly reduce and even prevent severe clinical symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Klimke et al., Med. Hypotheses, doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783
Apr 2020  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 419 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 110 treatments. c19hcq.org
Proposal to use HCQ as an aerosol in order to reach sufficient therapeutic levels at the alveolar epithelial cells. Authors suggest this will reduce adverse drug reactions compared with oral application, and the increase in tolerability enables a broader use for prevention and post-exposure prophylaxis, which would be an advantage especially for high-risk, multi-morbid and elderly patients. Empirical data on self-medication with a one-week aerosol application is presented, showing inhalation was well tolerated.
5 studies investigate novel formulations of HCQ for improved efficacy1-5
Klimke et al., 27 Apr 2020, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
This PaperHCQAll
Hydroxychloroquine as an aerosol might markedly reduce and even prevent severe clinical symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection
A Klimke, G Hefner, B Will, U Voss
Medical Hypotheses, doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783
Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre -including this research content -immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
Consequences of the hypothesis and discussion Why this treatment strategy is of potential great importance If our hypothesis is true, HCQ as an aerosol might not only reduce the side effect potential of the oral application form but can also be clinically used as an efficient antiviral agent in the early phase of COVID-19 and eventually lower the rate of severely ill patients and fatalities. This might have great relevance for further prognosis and treatment of this often fatal disease. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783.
References
Baud, Qi, Nielsen-Saines, Musso, Pomar et al., Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection, Lancet Infect Dis
Blignaut, Espach, Van Vuuren, Dhanabalan, Huisamen, Revisiting the Cardiotoxic Effect of Chloroquine, Cardiovasc Drugs Ther
Cao, Wang, Wen, A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Cass, Efthymiopoulos, Bye, Pharmacokinetics of zanamivir after intravenous, oral, inhaled or intranasal administration to healthy volunteers, Clin Pharmacokinet
Chen, Adjunctive Corticosteroid Therapy for Patients with Severe Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): a Randomized Controlled Trial
Chen, Moriyama, Chang, Ichinohe, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus viroporin 3a activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, Front Microbiol
Colson, Rolain, Lagier, Brouqui, Raoult, Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19, Int J Antimicrob Agents
Devaux, Rolain, Colson, Raoult, New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?, Int J Antimicrobial Agents
Dong, Hu, Gao, Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Drug Discover Therapeut
Frisk-Holmberg, Bergkvist, Domeij-Nyberg, Hellström, Jansson, Chloroquine serum concentration and side effects: Evidence for dose-dependent kinetics, Clin Pharmacol Ther
Gao, Tian, Yang, Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies, Bioscience trends
Gautret, Lagier, Parola, Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial, Int J Antimicrob Agents
Gentile, Abenavoli, COVID-19: perspectives on the potential novel global threat, Rev Recent Clinic Trials
Goel, Gerriets, Chloroquine
Good, Shader, Lethality and behavioral side effects of chloroquine, J Clin Psychopharmacol
Hamer, Salzberger, Gebauer, Stroszczynski, Pfeifer, CT morphology of COVID-19: Case report and review of literature
Jia, Look, Shi, ACE2 receptor expression and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection depend on differentiation of human airway epithelia, J Virol
Kearney, Chloroquine as a Potential Treatment and Prevention Measure for the
Keyaerts, Vijgen, Maes, Neyts, Van Ranst, In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine, Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Lai, Shih, Ko, Tang, Hsueh, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges, Int J Antimicrobial Agents
Lu, Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Biosci Trends
Mclachlan, Tett, Cutler, Day, Bioavalibility of hydroxychlorquine tablets in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatology
Novel, The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua liu xing, bing xue za zhi= Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi
Pauwels, Löfdahl, Postma, Tattersfield, 'byrne et al., Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma, N Engl J Med
Qiu, Wei, Zhao, Outcome reporting from protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease
Salome, Schoeffel, Woolcock, Effect of aerosol and oral fenoterol on histamine and methacholine challenge in asthmatic subjects, Thorax
Schwartzman, Samson, Are the Current Recommendations for Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Screening Appropriate?, Rheumatic Dis Clinics
Su, Wu, A Multiscale and Comparative Model for Receptor Binding of 2019 Novel Coronavirus and the Implication of its Life Cycle in Host Cells, bioRxiv
Wang, Cao, Zhang, Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro, Cell Res
Wu, Mcgoogan, Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease
Yao, Ye, Zhang, In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Clin Infect Dis
Zhang, Therapeutic effect of hydroxychloroquine on novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19
Zhou, Yu, Du, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study, The Lancet
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 13]], 'date-time': '2024-05-13T16:04:48Z', 'timestamp': 1715616288719}, 'reference-count': 35, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 9, 1]], 'date-time': '2020-09-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1598918400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'clinicalkey.jp', 'clinicalkey.com', 'clinicalkey.es', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'clinicalkey.fr', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 9]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 4, 27]], 'date-time': '2020-04-27T17:53:10Z', 'timestamp': 1588009990000}, 'page': '109783', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 39, 'title': 'Hydroxychloroquine as an aerosol might markedly reduce and even prevent severe clinical symptoms ' 'after SARS-CoV-2 infection', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'volume': '142', 'author': [ {'given': 'A.', 'family': 'Klimke', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'G.', 'family': 'Hefner', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'B.', 'family': 'Will', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'U.', 'family': 'Voss', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0005', 'unstructured': 'https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, downloaded April 3, 2020).'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0010', 'unstructured': 'Novel, C. P. E. R. E. (2020). The epidemiological characteristics of an ' 'outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. ' 'Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi= Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi, 41(2), ' '145.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0015', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important ' 'lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: ' 'summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease ' 'Control and Prevention. Jama.', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.2648'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0020', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30195-X', 'article-title': 'Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection', 'author': 'Baud', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0025', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Hamer, O. W., Salzberger, B., Gebauer, J., Stroszczynski, C., & Pfeifer, ' 'M. (2020, March). CT morphology of COVID-19: Case report and review of ' 'literature. In RöFo-Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und ' 'der bildgebenden Verfahren. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG.', 'DOI': '10.1055/a-1142-4094'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0030', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3', 'article-title': 'Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with ' 'COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study', 'author': 'Zhou', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'The Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0035', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2001282', 'article-title': 'A trial of lopinavir–ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe ' 'Covid-19', 'author': 'Cao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0040', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924', 'article-title': 'Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona ' 'virus disease-2019 (COVID- 19): the epidemic and the challenges', 'author': 'Lai', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrobial Agents'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0045', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '58', 'DOI': '10.5582/ddt.2020.01012', 'article-title': 'Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Dong', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Drug Discover Therapeut'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0050', 'article-title': 'Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '105932', 'author': 'Colson', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0055', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Gao, J., Tian, Z., & Yang, X. (2020). Breakthrough: Chloroquine ' 'phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 ' 'associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Bioscience trends.', 'DOI': '10.5582/bst.2020.01047'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0060', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID- 19: ' 'results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '105949', 'author': 'Gautret', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0065', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '69', 'DOI': '10.5582/bst.2020.01020', 'article-title': 'Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV)', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Lu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Biosci Trends'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0070', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '269', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged ' 'novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell Res'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0075', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa237', 'article-title': 'In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design ' 'of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory ' 'syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)', 'author': 'Yao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0080', 'series-title': 'Chloroquine. In StatPearls [Internet]', 'author': 'Goel', 'year': '2019'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0085', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '40', 'DOI': '10.1097/00004714-198202000-00005', 'article-title': 'Lethality and behavioral side effects of chloroquine', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Good', 'year': '1982', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Psychopharmacol'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0090', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '359', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.rdc.2019.04.008', 'article-title': 'Are the Current Recommendations for Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine ' 'Screening Appropriate?', 'volume': '45', 'author': 'Schwartzman', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Rheumatic Dis Clinics'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0095', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1007/s10557-018-06847-9', 'article-title': 'Revisiting the Cardiotoxic Effect of Chloroquine', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'Blignaut', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Cardiovasc Drugs Ther'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0100', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '345', 'DOI': '10.1002/cpt1979253345', 'article-title': 'Chloroquine serum concentration and side effects: Evidence for ' 'dose-dependent kinetics', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'Frisk-Holmberg', 'year': '1979', 'journal-title': 'Clin Pharmacol Ther'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0105', 'unstructured': 'https://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/virologe-drosten-nimmt-stellung-zu-chloroquin; ' 'downloaded 04.02.2020.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0110', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Chen, I. Y., Moriyama, M., Chang, M. F., & Ichinohe, T. (2019). Severe ' 'acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus viroporin 3a activates the NLRP3 ' 'inflammasome. Front Microbiol, 10.', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmicb.2019.00050'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0115', 'unstructured': 'Chen Y. Adjunctive Corticosteroid Therapy for Patients with Severe Novel ' 'Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): a Randomized Controlled Trial. ' 'http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48777 [Accessed 03 April ' '2020].'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0120', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1405', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJM199711133372001', 'article-title': 'Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma', 'volume': '337', 'author': 'Pauwels', 'year': '1997', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0125', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '580', 'DOI': '10.1136/thx.36.8.580', 'article-title': 'Effect of aerosol and oral fenoterol on histamine and methacholine ' 'challenge in asthmatic subjects', 'volume': '36', 'author': 'Salome', 'year': '1981', 'journal-title': 'Thorax'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0130', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.2165/00003088-199936001-00001', 'article-title': 'Pharmacokinetics of zanamivir after intravenous, oral, inhaled or ' 'intranasal administration to healthy volunteers', 'volume': '36', 'author': 'Cass', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Clin Pharmacokinet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0135', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Qiu, R., Wei, X., Zhao, M., et al. (2020). Outcome reporting from ' 'protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a ' 'review. medRxiv.', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.03.04.20031401'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0140', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'COVID-19: perspectives on the potential novel global threat', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Gentile', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Rev Recent Clinic Trials'}, { 'issue': '23', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0145', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '14614', 'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.79.23.14614-14621.2005', 'article-title': 'ACE2 receptor expression and severe acute respiratory syndrome ' 'coronavirus infection depend on differentiation of human airway ' 'epithelia', 'volume': '79', 'author': 'Jia', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'J Virol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0150', 'unstructured': 'Zhang Z. Therapeutic effect of hydroxychloroquine on novel coronavirus ' 'pneumonia (COVID-19). http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48880 ' '[Accessed 14 Feb 2020].'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0155', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Su, Z., & Wu, Y. (2020). A Multiscale and Comparative Model for Receptor ' 'Binding of 2019 Novel Coronavirus and the Implication of its Life Cycle ' 'in Host Cells. bioRxiv.', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.02.20.958272'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0160', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Devaux, C. A., Rolain, J. M., Colson, P., & Raoult, D. (2020). New ' 'insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: ' 'what to expect for COVID-19?. Int J Antimicrobial Agents, 105938.', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0165', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Kearney, J. (2020). Chloroquine as a Potential Treatment and Prevention ' 'Measure for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus: A Review.', 'DOI': '10.20944/preprints202003.0275.v1'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0170', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '264', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.085', 'article-title': 'In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by ' 'chloroquine', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Keyaerts', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Biochem Biophys Res Commun'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783_b0175', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '235', 'DOI': '10.1093/rheumatology/33.3.235', 'article-title': 'Bioavalibility of hydroxychlorquine tablets in patients with rheumatoid ' 'arthritis', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'McLachlan', 'year': '1994', 'journal-title': 'Rheumatology'}], 'container-title': 'Medical Hypotheses', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0306987720307076?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0306987720307076?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 6]], 'date-time': '2020-10-06T21:02:08Z', 'timestamp': 1602018128000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306987720307076'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 9]]}, 'references-count': 35, 'alternative-id': ['S0306987720307076'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783', 'relation': { 'has-preprint': [ { 'id-type': 'doi', 'id': '10.20944/preprints202004.0090.v1', 'asserted-by': 'object'}]}, 'ISSN': ['0306-9877'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Medical Hypotheses', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 9]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Hydroxychloroquine as an aerosol might markedly reduce and even prevent severe ' 'clinical symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, {'value': 'Medical Hypotheses', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}], 'article-number': '109783'}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit