Development of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic conditions on hydroxychloroquine monotherapy vs. patients without rheumatic conditions: a retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study

Gentry et al., The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006

Sep 2022

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Updated version of Gentry showing no significant difference in outcomes with HCQ use. The previous version is more informative because authors previously analyzed rheumatic disease patients, while they now compare rheumatic disease patients with non-rheumatic disease patients. Systemic autoimmune disease patients have very different baseline risk for COVID-19, for example Ferri et al. show OR 4.42, p<0.001 Ferri. In Table 3, the counts and the odds ratio do not match for ICU admission. 13 variables were statistically significantly different after PSM. There was no inpatient mortality with HCQ, compared to 3 deaths without HCQ. Outpatient deaths may be more likely to be due to other causes, as most COVID-19 patients in the US are hospitalized before death. This study is excluded in meta analysis: patients in this study are a subset of those in a larger study; not adjusting for the different baseline risk of systemic autoimmune patients.

1. Ferri et al., COVID-19 and rheumatic autoimmune systemic diseases: report of a large Italian patients series, Clinical Rheumatology, doi:0.1007/s10067-020-05334-7.springer.com, doi.org.

2. Gentry et al., Long-term hydroxychloroquine use in patients with rheumatic conditions and development of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study, Lancet Rheumatology, doi:10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30305-2.thelancet.com, doi.org.

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risk of death, 12.0% lower, RR 0.88, p = 0.99, treatment 3 of 41 (7.3%), control 3 of 36 (8.3%), NNT 98, odds ratio converted to relative risk, COVID-19 mortality.

risk of death, 85.7% lower, RR 0.14, p = 0.99, treatment 0 of 6 (0.0%), control 3 of 6 (50.0%), NNT 2.0, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), COVID-19 mortality - inpatients.

risk of death, 557.1% higher, RR 6.57, p = 0.99, treatment 3 of 35 (8.6%), control 0 of 30 (0.0%), continuity correction due to zero event (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), COVID-19 mortality - outpatients.

risk of hospitalization, 12.2% lower, RR 0.88, p = 0.81, treatment 6 of 41 (14.6%), control 6 of 36 (16.7%), NNT 49, COVID-19 hospitalization.

risk of case, 13.9% higher, RR 1.14, p = 0.57, treatment 41 of 5,474 (0.7%), control 36 of 5,474 (0.7%), odds ratio converted to relative risk.

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates

Gentry et al., 11 Sep 2022, retrospective, USA, peer-reviewed, 6 authors, study period 1 March, 2020 - 30 September, 2020.

Contact: chris.gentry@va.gov.

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Development of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic conditions on hydroxychloroquine monotherapy vs. patients without rheumatic conditions: A retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study

PharmD, BCPS Chris A Gentry, MD Sharanjeet K Thind, PharmD, BCPS Riley J Williams II, PharmD, BCPS Sage C Hendrickson, BCPS George Kurdgelashvili, MD, FACP Mary Beth Humphrey

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006

Development of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic conditions on hydroxychloroquine monotherapy vs. patients without rheumatic conditions: a retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study,

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