Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All HCQ studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19hcq.org COVID-19 treatment researchHCQHCQ (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Development of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic conditions on hydroxychloroquine monotherapy vs. patients without rheumatic conditions: a retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study

Gentry et al., The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006
Sep 2022  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality 12% Improvement Relative Risk Mortality (b) 86% Mortality (c) -557% Hospitalization 12% Case -14% HCQ for COVID-19  Gentry et al.  Prophylaxis Is pre-exposure prophylaxis with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 10,948 patients in the USA (March - September 2020) Study underpowered for serious outcomes c19hcq.org Gentry et al., The American J. the Med.., Sep 2022 FavorsHCQ Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 419 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 109 treatments. c19hcq.org
Updated version of1 showing no significant difference in outcomes with HCQ use. The previous version is more informative because authors previously analyzed rheumatic disease patients, while they now compare rheumatic disease patients with non-rheumatic disease patients. Systemic autoimmune disease patients have very different baseline risk for COVID-19, for example Ferri et al. show OR 4.42, p<0.0012. In Table 3, the counts and the odds ratio do not match for ICU admission. 13 variables were statistically significantly different after PSM. There was no inpatient mortality with HCQ, compared to 3 deaths without HCQ. Outpatient deaths may be more likely to be due to other causes, as most COVID-19 patients in the US are hospitalized before death.
This study is excluded in meta analysis: patients in this study are a subset of those in a larger study; not adjusting for the different baseline risk of systemic autoimmune patients.
risk of death, 12.0% lower, RR 0.88, p = 0.99, treatment 3 of 41 (7.3%), control 3 of 36 (8.3%), NNT 98, odds ratio converted to relative risk, COVID-19 mortality.
risk of death, 85.7% lower, RR 0.14, p = 0.99, treatment 0 of 6 (0.0%), control 3 of 6 (50.0%), NNT 2.0, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), COVID-19 mortality - inpatients.
risk of death, 557.1% higher, RR 6.57, p = 0.99, treatment 3 of 35 (8.6%), control 0 of 30 (0.0%), continuity correction due to zero event (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), COVID-19 mortality - outpatients.
risk of hospitalization, 12.2% lower, RR 0.88, p = 0.81, treatment 6 of 41 (14.6%), control 6 of 36 (16.7%), NNT 49, COVID-19 hospitalization.
risk of case, 13.9% higher, RR 1.14, p = 0.57, treatment 41 of 5,474 (0.7%), control 36 of 5,474 (0.7%), odds ratio converted to relative risk.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Gentry et al., 11 Sep 2022, retrospective, USA, peer-reviewed, 6 authors, study period 1 March, 2020 - 30 September, 2020. Contact: chris.gentry@va.gov.
This PaperHCQAll
Development of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic conditions on hydroxychloroquine monotherapy vs. patients without rheumatic conditions: A retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study
PharmD, BCPS Chris A Gentry, MD Sharanjeet K Thind, PharmD, BCPS Riley J Williams II, PharmD, BCPS Sage C Hendrickson, BCPS George Kurdgelashvili, MD, FACP Mary Beth Humphrey
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006
Development of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic conditions on hydroxychloroquine monotherapy vs. patients without rheumatic conditions: a retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study,
SARS-CoV
References
Abella, Jolkovsky, Biney, Uspal, Hyman et al., Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine vs placebo for pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis among health care workers, JAMA Intern Med, doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6319
Barnabas, Brown, Bershteyn, Stankiewicz-Karita, Johnston, None
Boulware, Pullen, Bangdiwala, Pastick, Lofgren et al., A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for Covid
Fiolet, Guihur, Rebeaud, Mulot, Peiffer-Smadja et al., Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clin Microbiol Infect, doi:.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.022
Gautret, Lagier, Parola, Hoang, Meddeb et al., Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an openlabel non-randomized clinical trial, Int J Antimicrob Agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949
Geleris, Sun, Platt, Zucker, Baldwin et al., Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2012410
Gentry, Humphrey, Thind, Hendrickson, Kurdgelashvili et al., Long-term hydroxychloroquine use in patients with rheumatic conditions and development of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study, Lancet Rheumatol, doi:10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30305-2
Goa, Yang, Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies, Biosci Trends, doi:10.5582/bst.2020.01047
Kashour, Riaz, Garbati, Aldosary, Tlayjeh et al., Efficacy of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Antimicrob Chemother, doi:10.1093/jac/dkaa403
Lai, Shih, Ko, Tang, Hsueh, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges, Int J Antimicrobe Agents, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924
Mahevas, Tran, Roumier, Chabrol, Paule et al., Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data, BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.m1844
Mitja, Corbacho-Monne, Ubals, Alemany, Suner et al., A cluster-randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine for prevention of Covid-19, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2021801
Morrisette, Lodise, Scheetz, Goswami, Pogue et al., The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of hydroxychloroquine and dose selection for COVID-19: putting the cart before the horse, Infect Dis Ther, doi:10.1007/s40121-020-00325-2
Rajasingham, Bangdiwala, Nicol, Skipper, Pastick et al., Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: a randomized trial, Clin Infect Dis, doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1571
Rosenberg, Dufort, Udo, Wilberschied, Kumar et al., Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York State, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8630
Thorpe, Hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, Ann Intern Med, doi:10.7326/M20-6519
Wang, Cao, Zhang, Yang, Liu et al., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro, Cell Res, doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0
Yao, Ye, Zhang, Cui, Huang et al., In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Clin Infect Dis, doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa237
Zhao, Zhang, Zheng, Tai, Simpson et al., Serious cardiovascular adverse events associated with hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine alone or with azithromycin in patients with COVID-19: a pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS)
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 9, 11]], 'date-time': '2022-09-11T14:13:58Z', 'timestamp': 1662905638811}, 'reference-count': 18, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 9, 1]], 'date-time': '2022-09-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1661990400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'clinicalkey.fr', 'clinicalkey.jp', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'clinicalkey.es', 'amjmedsci.org', 'clinicalkey.com', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2022, 9]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2022, 9, 11]], 'date-time': '2022-09-11T13:32:07Z', 'timestamp': 1662903127000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Development of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic conditions on hydroxychloroquine ' 'monotherapy vs. patients without rheumatic conditions: a retrospective, propensity-matched ' 'cohort study', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'author': [ {'given': 'Chris A.', 'family': 'Gentry', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sharanjeet K.', 'family': 'Thind', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'suffix': 'II', 'given': 'Riley J.', 'family': 'Williams', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sage C.', 'family': 'Hendrickson', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'George', 'family': 'Kurdgelashvili', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mary Beth', 'family': 'Humphrey', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0001', 'article-title': 'Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and ' 'coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges', 'volume': '55', 'author': 'Lai', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrobe Agents'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0002', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '269', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged ' 'novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell Res'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0003', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '732', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa237', 'article-title': 'In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design ' 'of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory ' 'syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)', 'volume': '28', 'author': 'Yao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0004', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '30', 'DOI': '10.1093/jac/dkaa403', 'article-title': 'Efficacy of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: a ' 'systematic review and meta-analysis', 'volume': '76', 'author': 'Kashour', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Antimicrob Chemother'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0005', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '19', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.022', 'article-title': 'Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the ' 'mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Fiolet', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Clin Microbiol Infect'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0006', 'article-title': 'Serious cardiovascular adverse events associated with ' 'hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine alone or with azithromycin in patients ' 'with COVID-19: a pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA adverse event ' 'reporting system (FAERS)', 'author': 'Zhao', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Advance online publication'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0007', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '517', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2016638', 'article-title': 'A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis ' 'for Covid-19', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'Boulware', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0008', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '344', 'DOI': '10.7326/M20-6519', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis to prevent severe acute ' 'respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection', 'volume': '174', 'author': 'Barnabas', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0009', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '417', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2021801', 'article-title': 'A cluster-randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine for prevention of ' 'Covid-19', 'volume': '384', 'author': 'Mitja', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0010', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '195', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6319', 'article-title': 'Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine vs placebo for pre-exposure ' 'SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis among health care workers', 'volume': '181', 'author': 'Abella', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Intern Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0011', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e835', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa1571', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in ' 'healthcare workers: a randomized trial', 'volume': '72', 'author': 'Rajasingham', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0012', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '561', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-020-00325-2', 'article-title': 'The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ' 'hydroxychloroquine and dose selection for COVID-19: putting the cart ' 'before the horse', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Morrisette', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Infect Dis Ther'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0013', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e689', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30305-2', 'article-title': 'Long-term hydroxychloroquine use in patients with rheumatic conditions ' 'and development of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Gentry', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Rheumatol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0014', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2411', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2012410', 'article-title': 'Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with ' 'Covid-19', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Geleris', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0015', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'm1844', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.m1844', 'article-title': 'Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 ' 'pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using ' 'routine care data', 'volume': '369', 'author': 'Mahevas', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0016', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2493', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.8630', 'article-title': 'Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With ' 'In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York State', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Rosenberg', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0017', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '72', 'DOI': '10.5582/bst.2020.01047', 'article-title': 'Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in ' 'treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Goa', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Biosci Trends'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006_bib0018', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results ' 'of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'Gautret', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents'}], 'container-title': 'The American Journal of the Medical Sciences', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0002962922003482?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0002962922003482?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 9, 11]], 'date-time': '2022-09-11T13:32:21Z', 'timestamp': 1662903141000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002962922003482'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2022, 9]]}, 'references-count': 18, 'alternative-id': ['S0002962922003482'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0002-9629'], 'subject': ['General Medicine'], 'container-title-short': 'The American Journal of the Medical Sciences', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2022, 9]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Development of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic conditions on ' 'hydroxychloroquine monotherapy vs. patients without rheumatic conditions: a ' 'retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, { 'value': 'The American Journal of the Medical Sciences', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.006', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Southern Society for Clinical ' 'Investigation.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}]}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit