COVID-19 Evidence Accelerator: A parallel analysis to describe the use of Hydroxychloroquine with or without Azithromycin among hospitalized COVID-19 patients

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 26]], 'date-time': '2024-03-26T02:41:12Z', 'timestamp': 1711420872074}, 'reference-count': 15, 'publisher': 'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 'issue': '3', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 17]], 'date-time': '2021-03-17T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1615939200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['www.plosone.org'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec id="sec001">\n' '<jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' '<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant global threat. However, despite urgent ' 'need, there remains uncertainty surrounding best practices for pharmaceutical interventions ' 'to treat COVID-19. In particular, conflicting evidence has emerged surrounding the use of ' 'hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, alone or in combination, for COVID-19. The COVID-19 ' 'Evidence Accelerator convened by the Reagan-Udall Foundation for the FDA, in collaboration ' 'with Friends of Cancer Research, assembled experts from the health systems research, ' 'regulatory science, data science, and epidemiology to participate in a large parallel ' 'analysis of different data sets to further explore the effectiveness of these ' 'treatments.</jats:p>\n' '</jats:sec>\n' '<jats:sec id="sec002">\n' '<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' '<jats:p>Electronic health record (EHR) and claims data were extracted from seven separate ' 'databases. Parallel analyses were undertaken on data extracted from each source. Each ' 'analysis examined time to mortality in hospitalized patients treated with hydroxychloroquine, ' 'azithromycin, and the two in combination as compared to patients not treated with either ' 'drug. Cox proportional hazards models were used, and propensity score methods were undertaken ' 'to adjust for confounding. Frequencies of adverse events in each treatment group were also ' 'examined.</jats:p>\n' '</jats:sec>\n' '<jats:sec id="sec003">\n' '<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' '<jats:p>Neither hydroxychloroquine nor azithromycin, alone or in combination, were ' 'significantly associated with time to mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. No ' 'treatment groups appeared to have an elevated risk of adverse events.</jats:p>\n' '</jats:sec>\n' '<jats:sec id="sec004">\n' '<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n' '<jats:p>Administration of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and their combination appeared to ' 'have no effect on time to mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Continued research is ' 'needed to clarify best practices surrounding treatment of COVID-19.</jats:p>\n' '</jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0248128', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 17]], 'date-time': '2021-03-17T17:51:06Z', 'timestamp': 1616003466000}, 'page': 'e0248128', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.corrections_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 9, 'title': 'COVID-19 Evidence Accelerator: A parallel analysis to describe the use of Hydroxychloroquine ' 'with or without Azithromycin among hospitalized COVID-19 patients', 'prefix': '10.1371', 'volume': '16', 'author': [ {'given': 'Mark', 'family': 'Stewart', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Carla', 'family': 'Rodriguez-Watson', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-3164', 'authenticated-orcid': True, 'given': 'Adem', 'family': 'Albayrak', 'sequence': 'additional', 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