Sands: No clinical benefit in mortality associated with hydroxychloroquine treatment in patients with COVID-19 [HCQ]

No clinical benefit in mortality associated with hydroxychloroquine treatment in patients with COVID-19

Sands et al., International Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.060

Sands et al., No clinical benefit in mortality associated with hydroxychloroquine treatment in patients with COVID-19, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.060

Jan 2021 Source PDF

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Retrospective database analysis of 1,669 patients in the US showing OR 1.81, p = 0.01. Confounding by indication is likely.

COVID-19 was determined via PCR+ results, therefore authors include patients asymptomatic for COVID-19, but in the hospital for other reasons. While authors adjust for severity, the method used is very poor. 93.5% of patients are classified as "mild", which is patients with no documented care in a critical care unit within 8 hours of admission. Therefore almost all patients are in the same category, and those in a different category may be due to symptoms unrelated to COVID-19. Lower bias toward male patients in the control group also agrees with the hypothesis that the control group is made up of more people that were in hospital for another reason.

Since the analysis covers the initial period of the pandemic in the USA, it is likely that HCQ was used more often earlier in the analysis period when treatment protocols were considerably worse. It's unclear why the analysis only considers patients up to April 27, when the manuscript was submitted in October.

For other issues see [ijidonline.com]. This study is excluded in the after exclusion results of meta analysis: includes PCR+ patients that may be asymptomatic for COVID-19 but in hospital for other reasons; substantial unadjusted confounding by indication likely.

1. ijidonline.com, https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(21)00165-X/pdf.

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risk of death, 69.9% higher, RR 1.70, p = 0.01, treatment 101 of 973 (10.4%), control 56 of 696 (8.0%), odds ratio converted to relative risk.

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates

Sands et al., 1 Jan 2021, retrospective, database analysis, USA, peer-reviewed, 10 authors.

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Abstract: International Journal of Infectious Diseases 104 (2021) 34–40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid No clinical beneﬁt in mortality associated with hydroxychloroquine treatment in patients with COVID-19 Kenneth Sandsa,* , Richard Wenzelb , Laura McLeana , Kimberly Korweka , Jonathon Roacha , Karla Millera , Russell E. Polanda , L. Hayley Burgessa , Edmund Jacksona , Jonathan B. Perlina a b Clinical Services Group, HCA Healthcare, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, United States A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 6 October 2020 Received in revised form 18 December 2020 Accepted 19 December 2020 Background: The use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), with or without concurrent administration of azithromycin (AZM), for treatment of COVID-19 has received considerable attention. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HCQ administration is associated with improved mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected during the care process for COVID-19 positive patients discharged from facilities afﬁliated with a large healthcare system in the United States as of April 27, 2020. Patients were categorized by treatment with HCQ (in addition to standard supportive therapy) or receipt of supportive therapy with no HCQ. Patient outcomes were evaluated for in-hospital mortality. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were accounted for through a multivariable regression analysis. Results: A total of 1669 patients were evaluated (no HCQ, n = 696; HCQ, n = 973). When adjusting for patient characteristics, receipt of AZM, and severity of disease at admission, there was no beneﬁcial effect of receipt of HCQ on the risk of death. In this population, there was an 81% increase in the risk of mortality among patients who received HCQ at any time during their hospital stay versus no HCQ exposure (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.20–2.77, p = 0.01). Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, we found that there was no beneﬁt of administration of HCQ on mortality in COVID-19 patients. These results support recent changes to clinical trials that discourage the use of HCQ in COVID-19 patients. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/4.0/). Keywords: COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Hydroxychloroquine

Late treatment
is less effective

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