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PROTECT Trial: A cluster-randomized study with hydroxychloroquine versus observational support for prevention or early-phase treatment of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Nanni et al., Trials, doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04527-4, PROTECT, NCT04363827

Sep 2021

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HCQ for COVID-19

1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020

^*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 411 studies, recognized in 46 countries.

Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, progression, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. ^* >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.

4,500+ studies for 81 treatments. c19hcq.org

Estimated 2,300 participant HCQ early treatment and prophylaxis RCT with results not reported over 2 years after estimated completion.

38 HCQ RCTs have results missing long after expected1-38
The trials report a total of 25,399 patients, with 12 trials having actual enrollment of 8,139, and the remainder estimated.

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1. Genton et al., #StayHome: Early Hydroxychloroquine to Reduce Secondary Hospitalisation and Household Transmission in COVID-19 (#StayHome), NCT04385264, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04385264.clinicaltrials.gov.

2. Hawari et al., The Potential Use of Nebulized Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of COVID-19, NCT05113810, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05113810.clinicaltrials.gov.

3. Ghanem-Zoubi et al., Hydroxychloroquine Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Among Health-Care Workers, NCT04438837, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04438837.clinicaltrials.gov.

4. Gagneux-Brunon et al., Acceptability of a COVID-19 pre-exposure prophylaxis trial with hydroxychloroquine in French healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, Trials, doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05329-y.biomedcentral.com, doi.org.

5. White et al., Chloroquine/ Hydroxychloroquine Prevention of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in the Healthcare Setting (COPCOV), COPCOV, NCT04303507, classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04303507.clinicaltrials.gov.

6. Pineda et al., Prevention and Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Induced by COVID-19 (AMBUCOV), NCT04954040, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04954040.clinicaltrials.gov.

7. Aston et al., Hydroxychloroquine vs. Azithromycin for Outpatients in Utah With COVID-19 (HyAzOUT), NCT04334382, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04334382.clinicaltrials.gov.

8. Al Ansari et al., Post Exposure Prophylaxis in Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients (HCQ-COVID19), NCT04437693, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04437693.clinicaltrials.gov.

9. Abayomi et al., A multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of chloroquine phosphate, hydroxychloroquine sulphate and lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 in Lagos State: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Trials, doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05675-x.biomedcentral.com, doi.org.

10. González et al., Hydroxychloroquine efficacy and safety in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity during pregnancy (COVID-Preg): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised placebo controlled trial, Trials, doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04557-y.biomedcentral.com, doi.org.

11. Nanni et al., PROTECT Trial: A cluster-randomized study with hydroxychloroquine versus observational support for prevention or early-phase treatment of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Trials, doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04527-4.biomedcentral.com, doi.org.

12. Granados-Montiel et al., New prophylaxis regimen for SARS-CoV-2 infection in health professionals with low doses of hydroxychloroquine and bromhexine: a randomised, double-blind placebo clinical trial (ELEVATE Trial), BMJ Open, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045190.bmj.com, doi.org.

13. Kara et al., Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine and Favipiravir in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate COVID-19, NCT04411433, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04411433.clinicaltrials.gov.

14. Chauffe et al., Hydroxychloroquine as Prophylaxis for COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers (HCQPreP), NCT04363450, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04363450.clinicaltrials.gov.

15. Moraes et al., Comparative Study of Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin in COVID-19 Prophylaxis, NCT04384458, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04384458.clinicaltrials.gov.

16. Borrie et al., COVID-19 PEP- High-risk Individuals in Long-term and Specialized Care - Canada, NCT04397328, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04397328.clinicaltrials.gov.

17. James et al., PROLIFIC ChemoprophylaxisTrial (COVID-19), NCT04352933, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04352933.clinicaltrials.gov.

18. Morales-Asencio et al., Prevention of COVID19 Infection in Nursing Homes by Chemoprophylaxis With Hydroxychloroquine, NCT04400019, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04400019.clinicaltrials.gov.

19. Mordmüller et al., Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 (COV-HCQ), NCT04342221, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04342221.clinicaltrials.gov.

20. Gül et al., Clinical Trial For Early SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Treatment, NCT04981379, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04981379.clinicaltrials.gov.

21. Abu-Helalah et al., Chemoprevention Clinical Trial of COVID-19: Hydroxychloroquine Post Exposure Prophylaxis (APCC-19), NCT04597775, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04597775.clinicaltrials.gov.

22. Okasha et al., Hydroxychloroquine and Nitazoxanide Combination Therapy for COVID-19, NCT04361318, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04361318.clinicaltrials.gov.

23. Levi et al., Open Label Study to Compare Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Hydroxychloroquine Combined With Azithromycin Compared to Hydroxychloroquine Combined With Camostat Mesylate and to "no Treatment" in SARS CoV 2 Virus (COSTA), NCT04355052, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04355052.clinicaltrials.gov.

24. WellStar, Hydroxychloroquine Use in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Impact on Progression to Severe or Critical Disease, NCT04429867, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04429867.clinicaltrials.gov.

25. Burney et al., Hydroxychloroquine Chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19 Infection in High-risk Healthcare Workers, NCT04370015, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04370015.clinicaltrials.gov.

26. Sow et al., Phytomedicines Versus Hydroxychloroquine as an Add on Therapy to Azythromycin in Asymptomatic Covid-19 Patients (PHYTCOVID-19), NCT04501965, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04501965.clinicaltrials.gov.

27. Pellegrini et al., Effectiveness of Prophylactic Hydroxychloroquine on incidence of COVID-19 infection in Front-line Health and Allied Health Care Workers: The COVID-SHIELD Trial, COVID-SHIELD, ACTRN12620000501943, www.anzctr.org.au/TrialSearch.aspx#&&conditionCode=&dateOfRegistrationFrom=&interventionDescription=&interventionCodeOperator=OR&primarySponsorType=&gender=&distance=&postcode=&pageSize=20&ageGroup=&recruitmentCountryOperator=OR&recruitmentRegion=ðicsReview=&countryOfRecruitment=Australia%7cNew+Zealand®istry=&searchTxt=ACTRN12620000501943.org.au.

28. Sarwar et al., Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Patients With choloroquinE Compounds (PEACE), NCT04346667, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04346667.clinicaltrials.gov.

29. Sarwar (B) et al., PRophylaxis of Exposed COVID-19 Individuals With Mild Symptoms Using choloroquinE Compounds (PRECISE), NCT04351191, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04351191.clinicaltrials.gov.

30. Connor et al., HEalth Care Worker pROphylaxis Against COVID-19: The HERO Trial (HERO), NCT04352946, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04352946.clinicaltrials.gov.

31. El-Sherbiny et al., Development and Validation of "Ready-to-Use" Inhalable Forms of Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19, NCT04477083, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04477083.clinicaltrials.gov.

32. Ajili et al., A Study of Hydroxychloroquine and Zinc in the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection in Military Healthcare Workers (COVID-Milit), NCT04377646, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04377646.clinicaltrials.gov.

33. Mežnar et al., Use of Bromhexine and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia, NCT04355026, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04355026.clinicaltrials.gov.

34. Niriella et al., Hydroxychloroquine for post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 among naval personnel in Sri Lanka: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial, Trials, doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04659-7.biomedcentral.com, doi.org.

35. Farooq et al., Effectiveness of Hydroxychloroquine in Covid-19 Patients (Covid), NCT04328272, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04328272.clinicaltrials.gov.

36. Butler et al., PRINCIPLE: A clinical trial evaluating treatments for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 for recovery at home, PRINCIPLE, www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN86534580.isrctn.com.

37. Treluyer et al., Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 in Hospital Workers s Exposed to the Virus (PREP-COVID), PREP-COVID, NCT04344379, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04344379.clinicaltrials.gov.

38. Kim et al., Comparison of Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With Mild Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), NCT04307693, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04438837.clinicaltrials.gov.

Nanni et al., 30 Sep 2021, Randomized Controlled Trial, Italy, peer-reviewed, trial NCT04363827 (history) (PROTECT). Contact: oriana.nanni@irst.emr.it (corresponding author).

This Paper HCQ All

PROTECT Trial: A cluster-randomized study with hydroxychloroquine versus observational support for prevention or early-phase treatment of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Oriana Nanni, Pierluigi Viale, Bernadette Vertogen, Claudia Lilli, Chiara Zingaretti, Caterina Donati, Carla Masini, Manuela Monti, Patrizia Serra, Roberto Vespignani, Veruska Grossi, Annibale Biggeri, Emanuela Scarpi, Francesca Galardi, Lucia Bertoni, Americo Colamartini, Fabio Falcini, Mattia Altini, Ilaria Massa, Raffaella Gaggeri, Giovanni Martinelli

Trials, doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04527-4

Objectives: Hydroxychloroquine has shown to have antiviral activity in vitro against coronaviruses, specifically SARS-CoV-2. It is believed to block virus infection by increasing endosomal pH required for virus cell fusion and glycosylation of viral surface proteins. In addition to its antiviral activity, hydroxychloroquine has an immune-modulating activity that may synergistically enhance its antiviral effect in vivo, making it a potentially promising drug for the prevention and the cure of SARS-CoV-19. However, randomized controlled trials are needed to assess whether it can be used safely to treat COVID-19 patients or to prevent infection. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for (I) the prevention of COVID-19 or related symptoms in SARS-CoV-2exposed subjects, such as as household members/contacts of COVID-19 patients and (II) the treatment of earlyphase asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Trial design: This is a controlled, open label, cluster-randomized, superiority trial with parallel group design. Subjects will be randomized either to receive hydroxychloroquine or to observation (2:1).

Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at https://doi.org/10. 1186/s13063-020-04527-4. Additional file 1. Full Study Protocol. Additional file 2. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents. Authors' contributions G.M., P.V., O.N., A. B and M.A., were responsible for the study concept and trial design. B.V., C.L., C.Z., C.D., C.M., E.S., R.G., M.M., P. S and R.V. contributed to the study protocol drafting the final version of the protocol. All authors read and approved the present version of the manuscript for submission. Funding IRST IRCCS is funding this trial and will have full oversight of the design of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and drafting of the manuscript. Ethics approval and consent to participate On 20 th April 2020 this trial received the approval of the Ethics Committee (EC) of Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, which is the national EC for COVID-19 trials. Informed consent will be obtained from participants prior to involvement in the trial. Given the extraordinary nature of the pandemic diffusion of COVID-19 and the safety measures set up to contain the spread of infection, it is not feasible to provide information to potentially eligible subjects through a face-to-face interview or to obtain informed consent signed in person by the subjects. Therefore, subjects will receive detailed information..

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 7, 22]], 'date-time': '2023-07-22T17:29:56Z', 'timestamp': 1690046996877}, 'reference-count': 0, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 7, 31]], 'date-time': '2020-07-31T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1596153600000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 7, 31]], 'date-time': '2020-07-31T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1596153600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12]]}, 'abstract': 'Abstract\n' 'Objectives\n' 'Hydroxychloroquine has shown to have antiviral activity in ' 'vitro against coronaviruses, specifically SARS-CoV-2. It is believed to block ' 'virus infection by increasing endosomal pH required for virus cell fusion and glycosylation ' 'of viral surface proteins. In addition to its antiviral activity, hydroxychloroquine has an ' 'immune-modulating activity that may synergistically enhance its antiviral effect ' 'in vivo, making it a potentially promising drug for the prevention ' 'and the cure of SARS-CoV-19. However, randomized controlled trials are needed to assess ' 'whether it can be used safely to treat COVID-19 patients or to prevent infection. The main ' 'objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for (I) the ' 'prevention of COVID-19 or related symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-exposed subjects, such as as ' 'household members/contacts of COVID-19 patients and (II) the treatment of early-phase ' 'asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic COVID-19 patients.\n' '\n' 'Trial design\n' 'This is a controlled, open label, cluster-randomized, superiority trial with parallel ' 'group design. Subjects will be randomized either to receive hydroxychloroquine or to ' 'observation (2:1).\n' '\n' 'Participants\n' 'SARS-CoV-2-exposed subjects, including household members and/or contacts of COVID-19 ' 'patients and healthcare professionals (Group 1) or patients with COVID-19 (positive PCR test ' 'on a rhinopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2), asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic ' 'in home situations who are not undergoing treatment with any anti COVID-19 medication (Group ' '2), will be enrolled. Paucisymptomatic patients are defined as patients with a low number of ' 'mild symptoms. All subjects must be aged ≥18 years, male or female, must be willing and able ' 'to give informed consent and must not have any contraindications to take hydroxychloroquine ' '(intolerance or previous toxicity for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, bradycardia or ' 'reduction in heart rhythm with arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, retinopathy, congestive ' 'heart failure with use of diuretics, favism or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) ' 'deficiency, diabetes type 1, major comorbidities such as advanced chronic kidney disease or ' 'dialysis therapy, known history of ventricular arrhythmia, any oncologic/hematologic ' 'malignancy, severe neurological and mental illness, current use of medications with known ' 'significant drug-drug interactions, and known prolonged QT syndrome or current use of drugs ' 'with known QT prolongation).\n' 'The study is monocentric and will be conducted at Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per ' 'lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS. Subjects will be enrolled from a large epidemic ' 'region (North-Central Italy). The Public Health Departments of several Italian regions will ' 'collaborate by identifying potentially eligible subjects.\n' '\n' 'Intervention and comparator\n' 'The participants will be randomized (2:1 randomization) to receive either ' 'hydroxychloroquine (Arm A) or to Observation (Arm B). Hydroxychloroquine will be administered ' 'with the following schedule:\n' 'Group1: A loading dose hydroxychloroquine 400 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by a ' 'weekly dose of hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily on days 8, 15 and 22, for a total of one ' 'month of treatment.\n' 'Group 2: A loading dose hydroxychloroquine 400 mg twice daily on day 1 followed by ' '200 mg twice daily for a total of 5-7 days.\n' 'The comparator in this trial is observation given that currently neither treatment is ' 'administered to asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic subjects, nor prophylaxis is available for ' 'contacts.\n' 'Hydroxychloroquine will be shipped to subjects within 24 hours of randomization. ' 'Given the extraordinary nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, only telephonic interviews will be ' 'carried out and electronic Patient Reported Outcomes (ePRO) completed. During treatment, each ' 'subject will be contacted every other day for the first week and weekly thereafter (Group 2) ' 'or weekly (Group 1) by a study physician to assess early onset of any COVID-19 symptom or any ' 'adverse reaction to hydroxychloroquine and to check subject compliance. Furthermore, all ' 'subjects will receive periodic ePROs which may be completed through smartphone or tablets to ' 'record drug self-administration and onset of any symptom or adverse event. All subjects will ' 'be followed up for a total of 6 months by periodic telephonic interviews and ePROs.\n' '\n' 'Main outcomes\n' 'The primary endpoint/outcome measure for this trial is: for Group 1, the proportion ' 'of subjects who become symptomatic and/or swab-positive in each arm within one month of ' 'randomization; for Group 2, the proportion of subjects who become swab-negative in each arm ' 'within 14 days of randomization.\n' '\n' 'Randomization\n' 'All household members and/or contacts of each COVID-19 index case, and the COVID-19 ' 'patient himself/herself, fulfilling all inclusion criteria will be grouped into a single ' 'cluster and this cluster will be randomized (2:1) to either arm A or arm B. Information on ' 'each subject will be recorded in specific data records.\n' 'Randomization lists will be stratified according to the following factors regarding ' 'COVID-19 index cases:\n' '1. COVID-19 risk level on the basis of province of residence (high ' 'vs. low/intermediate);\n' '2. Index case is a healthcare professional (yes ' 'vs.no)\n' '3. Index case with COVID-19 treatment (yes vs. ' 'no)\n' 'An independent statistician not otherwise involved in the trial will generate the ' 'allocation sequence, and COVID-19 response teams will be unaware of the allocation of ' 'clusters.\n' 'Randomization will be performed through an interactive web-based electronic ' 'data-capturing database.\n' 'An Independent Data Monitoring Committee has been established.\n' '\n' 'Blinding (masking)\n' 'This study is open label.\n' '\n' 'Numbers to be randomized (sample size)\n' 'For Group 1, a sample size of about 2000 SARS-CoV-2-exposed subjects such as ' 'household members and/or contacts of COVID-19 patients will take part in the study. Assuming ' 'around 1.5-2.0 asymptomatic household members and/or contacts for each COVID-19 patient, we ' 'expect to identify approximately 1000-1300 COVID-19 index cases to be randomized. An interim ' 'analysis on efficacy is planned using standard alpha-spending function.\n' 'For Group 2, sufficient power for primary objective (negative swab within 14 days of ' 'randomization) will be reached given a sample size of 300 asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic ' 'COVID-19 subjects in home situations not treated for COVID-19 (25%-30% of about 1000-1300 ' 'expected index cases). Since up to date reduced evidence about COVID-19 infection ' 'epidemiology, the continuous update of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the sample size ' 'estimation could be updated after a one third of population will be recruited and eventually ' 'modified according to a substantial protocol amendment. An interim analysis at 100 enrolled ' 'COVID-19 patients is planned.\n' 'We have planned a Generalized Estimating Equation analysis, which is more efficient ' 'than a cluster level analysis, to take advantage of subject-specific covariates. The above ' 'reported sample size analysis is therefore to be considered conservative.\n' '\n' 'Trial Status\n' 'The current version of the PROTECT trial protocol is ‘Final version, 15 April ' '2020’.\n' 'The study started on 9th May 2020. The first patient was ' 'enrolled on 14th May 2020. Recruitment is expected to last through ' 'September 2020.\n' '\n' 'Trial registration\n' 'The PROTECT trial is registered in the EudraCT database (no. 2020-001501-24) and in ' 'ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04363827), ' 'date of registration 24 April 2020.\n' '\n' 'Full protocol\n' 'The full PROTECT protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the ' 'Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interests of expediting dissemination of this ' 'material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the ' 'key elements of the full protocol (Protocol final version, 15th April ' '2020). The study protocol has been reported in accordance with Standard Protocol Items: ' 'Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file ' '2).\n' '', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13063-020-04527-4', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 7, 31]], 'date-time': '2020-07-31T08:07:14Z', 'timestamp': 1596182834000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 6, 'title': 'PROTECT Trial: A cluster-randomized study with hydroxychloroquine versus observational support ' 'for prevention or early-phase treatment of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A structured summary ' 'of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial', 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '21', 'author': [ {'given': 'Oriana', 'family': 'Nanni', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Pierluigi', 'family': 'Viale', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-6363', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Bernadette', 'family': 'Vertogen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Claudia', 'family': 'Lilli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Chiara', 'family': 'Zingaretti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Caterina', 'family': 'Donati', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Carla', 'family': 'Masini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Manuela', 'family': 'Monti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Patrizia', 'family': 'Serra', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Roberto', 'family': 'Vespignani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Veruska', 'family': 'Grossi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Annibale', 'family': 'Biggeri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Emanuela', 'family': 'Scarpi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Francesca', 'family': 'Galardi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Lucia', 'family': 'Bertoni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Americo', 'family': 'Colamartini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Fabio', 'family': 'Falcini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mattia', 'family': 'Altini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ilaria', 'family': 'Massa', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Raffaella', 'family': 'Gaggeri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giovanni', 'family': 'Martinelli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 7, 31]]}, 'container-title': 'Trials', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13063-020-04527-4.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-020-04527-4/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13063-020-04527-4.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 7, 31]], 'date-time': '2021-07-31T00:23:31Z', 'timestamp': 1627691011000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-020-04527-4'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 7, 31]]}, 'references-count': 0, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['4527'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04527-4', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1745-6215'], 'subject': ['Pharmacology (medical)', 'Medicine (miscellaneous)'], 'container-title-short': 'Trials', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 7, 31]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '15 June 2020', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '16 June 2020', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '31 July 2020', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': 'On 20<sup>th</sup> April 2020 this trial received the approval of the Ethics ' 'Committee (EC) of Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro ' 'Spallanzani-IRCCS, which is the national EC for COVID-19 trials. Informed ' 'consent will be obtained from participants prior to involvement in the trial. ' 'Given the extraordinary nature of the pandemic diffusion of COVID-19 and the ' 'safety measures set up to contain the spread of infection, it is not feasible ' 'to provide information to potentially eligible subjects through a face-to-face ' 'interview or to obtain informed consent signed in person by the ' 'subjects.Therefore, subjects will receive detailed information through a ' 'telephonic interview with a suitably qualified and experienced study physician ' 'and will then provide their consent through a web-based application. Written ' 'information about the study and informed consent forms will be made available ' 'through the study website. Whenever possible, a signed informed consent form ' 'will be obtained from subjects.Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e ' 'la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy is the sponsor of this study.', 'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethics approval and consent to participate'}}, { 'value': 'Not applicable.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare that they have no competing interests.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '689'}

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