Risk Factors for Mortality in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Piedmont, Italy: Results from the Multicenter, Regional, CORACLE Registry
Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Annagloria Palazzo, Tiziana Rosso, Nour Shbaklo, Marco Mussa, Lucio Boglione, Enrica Borgogno, Antonella Rossati, Simone Mornese Pinna, Silvia Scabini, Guido Chichino, Silvio Borrè, Valerio Del Bono, Pietro Luigi Garavelli, Diego Barillà, Francesco Cattel, Giovanni Di Perri, Giovannino Ciccone, Tommaso Lupia, Silvia Corcione
Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm10091951
Background: CORACLE is a retrospective and prospective, regional multicenter registry, developed to evaluate risk factors for mortality in a cohort of patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection within non-intensive wards. Methods: The primary objective was to estimate the role of several prognostic factors on hospital mortality in terms of adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) with multivariable logistic regression models. Results: A total of 1538 patients were enrolled; 42% were female, and 58% were >70 years old. Deceased patients were 422 (27%), with a median age of 83 years (IQR (Inter Quartile Range) 76-87). Older age at admission (aOR 1.07 per year, 95%CI 1.06-1.09), diabetes (1.41, 1.02-1.94), cardiovascular disease (1.79, 1.31-2.44), immunosuppression (1.65, 1.04-2.62), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (3.53, 2.26-5.51), higher C-reactive protein values and a decreased PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio at admission were associated with a higher risk of hospital mortality. Amongst patients still alive on day 7, only hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment was associated with reduced mortality (0.57, 0.36-0.90). Conclusions: Several risk factors were associated with mortality in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Although HCQ seems to be the only factor significantly associated with reduced mortality, this result is in contrast with evidence from randomized studies. These results should be interpreted in light of the study limitations.
Institutional Review Board Statement: Data acquisition and analysis was performed in compliance with protocols approved by the Ethical Committee of all the participant centers (Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Piedmont, Ethics Committee; Ethical approval number 0031285). The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed Consent Statement: Written informed consent was waived in light of the urgent need to collect data.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors have not conflict of interest regarding the CORACLE registry.
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