Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of severe (ICU) COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: A single centre study
Alghamdi et al.,
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of severe (ICU) COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: A single..,
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2021.08.008
Retrospective 171 ICU patients in Saudi Arabia showing no significant difference for HCQ treatment in unadjusted results.
This study is excluded in the after exclusion results of meta
analysis:
unadjusted results with no group details; very late stage, ICU patients.
risk of death, 39.2% higher, RR 1.39, p = 0.52, treatment 29 of 128 (22.7%), control 7 of 43 (16.3%).
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Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
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Alghamdi et al., 4 Aug 2021, retrospective, Saudi Arabia, peer-reviewed, 1 author.
Abstract: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 29 (2021) 1096–1101
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Original article
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of severe (ICU)
COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: A single centre study
Saleh Alghamdi
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history:
Received 26 February 2021
Accepted 1 August 2021
Available online 4 August 2021
Keywords:
Coronavirus
COVID-19
Antibiotics
Hydroxychloroquine
Intensive care unit
Saudi Arabia
a b s t r a c t
Background: There is limited information describing the presenting features and treatment outcomes of
intensive care unit (ICU) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia.
Objective: To investigates the clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, radiological, vital signs and treatment
characteristics/outcomes of severe (ICU) COVID-19 patients in Albaha region, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 01 April 2020 to 31 August 2020 involving
files review of 171 patients admitted to the ICU of a COVID-19 treatment centre as a result of severe
symptoms.
Results: Around a third of the ICU patients admitted were over 66 years of age, 59.6% males, 45% diabetics, 39% hypertensive, 25.7% smokers. Patients had symptoms such as 79% fever, 78% cough, 75% headache, 59% sore throat, 57% runny nose, and 75% cough. More than half of the patients had <90%
oxygen saturation. Bilateral infiltration was present in about 43% of patients. 85.4% lymphopenia, and
70.8% D-dimer (>0.5 u/ml) were the most significant laboratory results. The median stay in the hospital
ranged from 4 to 15.6 days, and the ICU time ranged from 4 to 12.7 days. Approximately 29% of patients
received antiviral, antimalarial, and antibiotic treatment, while 27.5% of patients received antibiotics and
antimalarial therapy alone. Incorporating hydroxychloroquine in treatment protocols did not improve
patients’ outcomes.
Conclusions: Older age and cardio-metabolic comorbidities increase the risks of sever COVID-19.
Different treatment protocols fail to improve mortality rates and urgent efforts are required to prevent
the disease and reduce its severity.
Ó 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access
article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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