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0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Severe case -126% Improvement Relative Risk c19hcq.org Pablos et al. HCQ for COVID-19 LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 228 patients in Spain Higher severe cases with HCQ (p=0.002) Pablos et al., Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218296 Favors HCQ Favors control
Clinical outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a multicentric matched cohort study
Pablos et al., Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218296
Pablos et al., Clinical outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic.., Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218296
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Retrospective 228 rheumatic disease and 228 non-rheumatic disease hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Spain, showing higher risk of severe COVID-19 with HCQ treatment.
risk of severe case, 126.0% higher, OR 2.26, p = 0.002, treatment 172, control 56, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Pablos et al., 12 Aug 2020, retrospective, Spain, peer-reviewed, mean age 63.0, 15 authors.
Contact: jlpablos@h12o.e.
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Abstract: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SCIENCE Clinical outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a multicentric matched cohort study Jose L Pablos ‍ ‍,1,2 María Galindo,1 Loreto Carmona,3 Ana Lledó,1 Miriam Retuerto ‍ ‍,1 Ricardo Blanco ‍ ‍,4 Miguel A Gonzalez-­Gay ‍ ‍,4 David Martinez-­Lopez,4 Isabel Castrejón,5 José M Alvaro-­Gracia ‍ ‍,5 David Fernández Fernández ‍ ‍,6 Antonio Mera-­Varela ‍ ‍,6 Sara Manrique-­Arija ‍ ‍,7 Natalia Mena Vázquez ‍ ‍,7 Antonio Fernandez-­Nebro ‍ ‍,7 RIER Investigators Group Handling editor Josef S Smolen For numbered affiliations see end of article. Correspondence to Dr Jose L Pablos, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28040, Spain; ​jlpablos@​h12o.e​ s Received 12 June 2020 Revised 31 July 2020 Accepted 31 July 2020 Published Online First 12 August 2020 © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-­use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. To cite: Pablos JL, Galindo M, Carmona L, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79:1544–1549. 1544   ABSTRACT Objectives The impact of inflammatory rheumatic diseases on COVID-19 severity is poorly known. Here, we compare the outcomes of a cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases with a matched control cohort to identify potential risk factors for severe illness. Methods In this comparative cohort study, we identified hospital PCR+COVID-19 rheumatic patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis (IA) or connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Non-­rheumatic controls were randomly sampled 1:1 and matched by age, sex and PCR date. The main outcome was severe COVID-19, defined as death, invasive ventilation, intensive care unit admission or serious complications. We assessed the association between the outcome and the potential prognostic variables, adjusted by COVID-19 treatment, using logistic regression. Results The cohorts were composed of 456 rheumatic and non-­rheumatic patients, in equal numbers. Mean age was 63 (IQR 53–78) years and male sex 41% in both cohorts. Rheumatic diseases were IA (60%) and CTD (40%). Most patients (74%) had been hospitalised, and the risk of severe COVID-19 was 31.6% in the rheumatic and 28.1% in the non-­rheumatic cohort. Ageing, male sex and previous comorbidity (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular or lung disease) increased the risk in the rheumatic cohort by bivariate analysis. In logistic regression analysis, independent factors associated with severe COVID-19 were increased age (OR 4.83; 95% CI 2.78 to 8.36), male sex (1.93; CI 1.21 to 3.07) and having a CTD (OR 1.82; CI 1.00 to 3.30). Conclusion In hospitalised patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, having a CTD but not IA nor previous immunosuppressive therapies was associated with severe COVID-19. Key messages What is already known about this subject? ►► There is limited evidence on the outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases and the impact of age, comorbidity, therapy or other factors associated to severity specifically in these patients. What does this study add? ►► We found that severe COVID-19 occurred in 31.6% of the rheumatic and 28.1% of non-­ rheumatic cohorts. ►► Having a connective tissue disease but not its therapy was significantly associated with severe COVID-19. ►► Other known risk factors as ageing or male sex also apply to patients with rheumatic diseases. How might this impact on clinical practice or future..
Late treatment
is less effective
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