Incidence of COVID-19 in patients exposed to chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: results from a population-based prospective cohort in Catalonia, Spain, 2020

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 28]], 'date-time': '2024-03-28T02:34:54Z', 'timestamp': 1711593294776}, 'reference-count': 29, 'publisher': 'European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)', 'issue': '9', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 4]], 'date-time': '2021-03-04T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1614816000000}, 'content-version': 'unspecified', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 4]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Several clinical trials have assessed the protective potential of ' 'chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Chronic exposure to such drugs might lower the risk of ' 'infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or severe ' 'coronavirus disease (COVID-19).</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Aim</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>To assess COVID-19 incidence and risk of hospitalisation in a ' 'cohort of patients chronically taking chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>We used linked health administration databases to follow a cohort ' 'of patients with chronic prescription of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine and a control cohort ' 'matched by age, sex and primary care service area, between 1 January and 30 April 2020. ' 'COVID-19 cases were identified using International Classification of Diseases 10 ' 'codes.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>We analysed a cohort of 6,746 patients (80% female) with active ' 'prescriptions for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, and 13,492 controls. During follow-up, ' 'there were 97 (1.4%) COVID-19 cases in the exposed cohort and 183 (1.4%) among controls. The ' 'incidence rate was very similar between the two groups (12.05 vs 11.35 cases/100,000 ' 'person-days). The exposed cohort was not at lower risk of infection compared with controls ' '(hazard ratio (HR): 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–1.44; p\u2009=\u20090.50). Forty ' 'cases (0.6%) were admitted to hospital in the exposed cohort and 50 (0.4%) in the control ' 'cohort, suggesting a higher hospitalisation rate in the former, though differences were not ' 'confirmed after adjustment (HR: 1·46; 95% CI: 0.91–2.34; p\u2009=\u20090.10).</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Patients chronically exposed to chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine did ' 'not differ in risk of COVID-19 nor hospitalisation, compared with controls. As controls were ' 'mainly female, findings might not be generalisable to a male population.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.9.2001202', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 5]], 'date-time': '2021-03-05T11:20:18Z', 'timestamp': 1614943218000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.crp2020', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 8, 'title': 'Incidence of COVID-19 in patients exposed to chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: results from a ' 'population-based prospective cohort in Catalonia, Spain, 2020', 'prefix': '10.2807', 'volume': '26', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7547-0291', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Rosa Maria', 'family': 'Vivanco-Hidalgo', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ {'name': 'These authors contributed equally'}, { 'name': 'Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), ' 'Departament de Salut Generalitat de Catalunya, Carrer de Roc ' 'Boronat 81-95, Barcelona, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Israel', 'family': 'Molina', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Vall ' "d'Hebron, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, " 'Barcelona, Spain'}, {'name': 'These authors contributed equally'}]}, { 'given': 'Elisenda', 'family': 'Martinez', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), ' 'Departament de Salut Generalitat de Catalunya, Carrer de Roc ' 'Boronat 81-95, Barcelona, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Ramón', 'family': 'Roman-Viñas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), ' 'Departament de Salut Generalitat de Catalunya, Carrer de Roc ' 'Boronat 81-95, Barcelona, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Adrián', 'family': 'Sánchez-Montalvá', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Vall ' "d'Hebron, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, " 'Barcelona, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Joan', 'family': 'Fibla', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira ' 'Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain'}, { 'name': 'Unitat de Genètica Humana, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques ' 'Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, ' '25198, Lleida, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Caridad', 'family': 'Pontes', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, ' 'Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, ' '08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain'}, { 'name': 'Gerència del Medicament – Àrea Assistencial, Servei Català de la ' 'Salut, Travessera de les Corts, 131-159, 08028 Barcelona, ' 'Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'César', 'family': 'Velasco Muñoz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), ' 'Departament de Salut Generalitat de Catalunya, Carrer de Roc ' 'Boronat 81-95, Barcelona, Spain'}]}, { 'name': 'on behalf of the Real World Data Working Group', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '7995', 'reference': [ { 'key': 'r1', 'unstructured': 'World Health Organization (WHO). 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