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All Studies   Meta Analysis       

A Cross-Country Analysis of the Determinants of COVID-19 Fatalities

Toya et al., SSRN
Apr 2021  
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HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 419 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 109 treatments. c19hcq.org
Country based analysis finding lower mortality with the use of HCQ.
Toya et al., 23 Apr 2021, preprint, 2 authors.
This PaperHCQAll
Hideki Toya, Mark Skidmore
Over the last year the world experienced the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with unprecedented policy responses. In this paper we examine the determinants of COVID-19 infections and fatalities in a cross-country analysis. We find that countries with greater income, less dense and greater elderly populations, fewer hospital beds, and more freedom experienced greater fatalities, and that travel restrictions and use of hydroxychloroquine reduced deaths. However, we find little evidence that lockdowns reduced fatalities, and though use of PCR testing resulted in more recorded infections, it was unassociated with fatalities.
This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3832483 P r e p r i n t n o t p e e r r e v i e w e d
References
Davies, Economic Inequality and COVID-19 Death Rates in the First Wave, a Crosscountry Analysis
Helliwell, Huang, Wang, Norton, Chapter 2, World Happiness, Trust and Deaths under COVID-19
Kahn, The Death Toll from Natural Disasters: The Role of Income, Geography, and Institutions, Review of Economics and Statistics
Mandavilli, Your Coronavirus Test is Positive. Maybe It Shouldn't Be
Toya, Skidmore, Economic Development and the Impacts of Natural Disasters, Economics Letters
Vincent, Bergeron, Benjannet, Chloroquine Is a Potent Inhibitor of SARS Coronavirus Infection and Spread, Virol J, doi:10.1186/1743-422X-2-69
Wernike, Keller, Conraths, Mettenleiter, Groschup et al., Pitfalls in SARS-CoV-2 PCR diagnostics, Transbound Emerg Dis, doi:10.1111/tbed.13684
Wikepedia, National Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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