Outcome and death risk of diabetes patients with Covid-19 receiving pre-hospital and in-hospital metformin therapies

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 2, 5]], 'date-time': '2022-02-05T16:05:04Z', 'timestamp': 1644077104124}, 'reference-count': 45, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 7, 13]], 'date-time': '2021-07-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1626134400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 7, 13]], 'date-time': '2021-07-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1626134400000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100001807', 'name': 'Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['2019/15619-2; 2020/08271-7']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'short-container-title': ['Diabetol Metab Syndr'], 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 12]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>COVID-19 has stroke Brazil harshly, deaths by COVID-19 in Brazil ' 'represent almost 13% of the total deaths by COVID-19 in the world, even though Brazilian ' 'population represents only 2.6% of the world population. Our aim in this study was to ' 'evaluate death and intubation outcomes and risk factors associated with COVID-19, and ' 'treatment options focusing on diabetes patients and the use of metformin pre-admission and ' 'during hospitalization.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>In this Brazilian single-center study we evaluated 1170 patients ' 'hospitalized due to COVID-19. Diabetes patients (n\u2009=\u2009188) were divided based on ' 'their use of pre-hospital and in-hospital metformin (non-met-group and met-group).</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>In the total cohort most comorbidities were risk factors for ' 'orotracheal intubation and death. The use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine was significantly ' 'associated with increased death and intubation risk in uni- and multivariate analysis. ' 'Diabetes patients showed worst clinical feature compared with non-diabetes patients. ' 'In-hospital non-met-group had increased mortality (20.5%) compared to met-group (3.5%) ' '(p\u2009=\u20090.0002) and univariable cox proportion hazard regression indicated in-hospital ' 'metformin reduced mortality (HR\u2009=\u20090.325, p\u2009=\u20090.035). Patients that used ' 'pre-hospital metformin showed lower severity parameters at hospital admission. (met-group: ' '2.45\u2009±\u20092.5; non-met-group: 4.25\u2009±\u20093.4). In all the groups older patients ' 'showed more severe clinical conditions and high risk of death and intubation.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Even though this is a single-center study, results from other reports ' 'have shown a similar trend, indicating that patients that used metformin during ' 'hospitalization have a better prognosis and reduced risk of death.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13098-021-00695-8', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 7, 13]], 'date-time': '2021-07-13T08:03:25Z', 'timestamp': 1626163405000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 3, 'title': [ 'Outcome and death risk of diabetes patients with Covid-19 receiving pre-hospital and ' 'in-hospital metformin therapies'], 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '13', 'author': [ {'given': 'Rodrigo Esaki', 'family': 'Tamura', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Said Muhammad', 'family': 'Said', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'given': 'Leticia Mussin', 'family': 'de Freitas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4779-4533', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Ileana Gabriela Sanchez', 'family': 'Rubio', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 7, 13]]}, 'reference': [ { 'issue': '1 Suppl 1', 'key': '695_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e20200212', 'DOI': '10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0212', 'volume': '44', 'author': 'FM Simabuco', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Simabuco FM, Tamura RE, Pavan ICB, Morale MG, Ventura AM. 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