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0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Mortality -6% Improvement Relative Risk c19hcq.org Soto et al. HCQ for COVID-19 LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 1,418 patients in Peru (April - August 2020) No significant difference in mortality Soto et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264789 Favors HCQ Favors control
Mortality and associated risk factors in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in a Peruvian reference hospital
Soto et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264789
Soto et al., Mortality and associated risk factors in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in a Peruvian reference.., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264789
Mar 2022   Source   PDF  
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Retrospective 1,418 very late stage (46% mortality) patients in Peru, showing no significant difference with HCQ. There is strong confounding by indication, for example 48% of patients with baseline SpO2 <70% were treated compared with 22% for SpO2 >95%. There may also be significant confounding by time with SOC changing substantially over the first few months of the pandemic. This study is excluded in the after exclusion results of meta analysis: unadjusted results with no group details; substantial unadjusted confounding by indication likely; substantial confounding by time possible due to significant changes in SOC and treatment propensity near the start of the pandemic.
risk of death, 6.0% higher, HR 1.06, p = 0.46, treatment 292 of 590 (49.5%), control 362 of 828 (43.7%), Cox proportional hazards.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Soto et al., 2 Mar 2022, retrospective, Peru, peer-reviewed, median age 58.0, 10 authors, study period April 2020 - August 2020, dosage not specified.
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Abstract: PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE Mortality and associated risk factors in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in a Peruvian reference hospital Alonso Soto ID1,2*, Dante M. Quiñones-Laveriano ID1, Johan Azañero ID2,3, Rafael Chumpitaz ID2, José Claros2, Lucia Salazar2, Oscar Rosales2, Liz Nuñez ID4, David Roca4, Andres Alcantara2 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas (INICIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru, 2 Departament of Internal Medicine, Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue, Lima, Peru, 3 Universidad Cientı́fica del Sur, Lima, Peru, 4 Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru * alonso.soto@urp.edu.pe Abstract Objectives OPEN ACCESS Citation: Soto A, Quiñones-Laveriano DM, Azañero J, Chumpitaz R, Claros J, Salazar L, et al. (2022) Mortality and associated risk factors in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in a Peruvian reference hospital. PLoS ONE 17(3): e0264789. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264789 Editor: Raffaele Serra, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, ITALY Received: October 20, 2021 Accepted: February 16, 2022 Published: March 2, 2022 Peer Review History: PLOS recognizes the benefits of transparency in the peer review process; therefore, we enable the publication of all of the content of peer review and author responses alongside final, published articles. The editorial history of this article is available here: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264789 Copyright: © 2022 Soto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. To determine the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 from a Peruvian national hospital. Methods Retrospective cohort study of medical records of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue (HNHU) during the months of April to August 2020. The dependent variable was in-hospital mortality. Independent variables included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, physical examination findings, oxygen saturation (SaO2) at admission, treatment received during hospitalization and laboratory results at admission. A Cox regression model was used to evaluate the crude and adjusted hazard ratios for associated factors. Results We included 1418 patients. Median age was 58 years (IQR 47–68 years) and 944 (66.6%) were male. The median length of hospitalization was 7 (4–13) days, and the mortality rate was 46%. The most frequent comorbidities were type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. In the adjusted analysis, mortality was associated with age (HR 1.02; 95%CI 1.02– 1.03), history of surgery (HR 1.89; 95%CI 1.31–2.74), lower oxygen saturation at admission (HR 4.08; CI95% 2.72–8.05 for SaO2<70% compared to SaO2>94%), the presence of poor general condition (HR 1.81; 95% CI 1.29–2.53), altered state of consciousness (HR 1.58; 95%CI 1.18–2.11) and leukocyte levels (HR 1.01; 95%CI 1.00–1. 02). Treatment with ivermectin (HR 1.44; 95%CI 1.18–1.76) and azithromycin (HR 1.25; 95%CI 1.03–1.52) were associated with higher mortality. Treatment with corticosteroids at low to moderate doses was associated with lower..
Late treatment
is less effective
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