Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All HCQ studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19hcq.org COVID-19 treatment researchHCQHCQ (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Determinants of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19; a prospective cohort study from Pakistan

Sarfaraz et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.12.28.20248920
Jan 2021  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality -45% Improvement Relative Risk HCQ for COVID-19  Sarfaraz et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 186 patients in Pakistan Higher mortality with HCQ (not stat. sig., p=0.068) c19hcq.org Sarfaraz et al., medRxiv, January 2021 FavorsHCQ Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 419 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 110 treatments. c19hcq.org
Retrospective 186 hospitalized patients in Pakistan showing unadjusted HCQ mortality RR 1.45, p = 0.07. Confounding by indication is likely.
This study is excluded in the after exclusion results of meta analysis: substantial unadjusted confounding by indication likely; significant unadjusted confounding possible; unadjusted results with no group details.
risk of death, 45.0% higher, RR 1.45, p = 0.07, treatment 40 of 94 (42.6%), control 27 of 92 (29.3%).
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Sarfaraz et al., 2 Jan 2021, retrospective, Pakistan, preprint, 7 authors, average treatment delay 7.0 days.
This PaperHCQAll
Determinants of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19; a prospective cohort study from Pakistan
Samreen Sarfaraz, Quratulain Shaikh, Syed Ghazanfar Saleem, Anum Rahim, Fivzia Farooq Herekar, Samina Junejo, Aneela Hussain
doi:10.1101/2020.12.28.20248920
A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Indus Hospital Karachi, Pakistan between March and June 2020 to describe the determinants of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. 186 adult patients were enrolled and all-cause mortality was found to be 36% (67/186). Those who died were older and more likely to be males (p<0.05). Temperature and respiratory rate were higher among non-survivors while Oxygen saturation was lower (p<0.05). Serum CRP, D-dimer and IL-6 were higher while SpO2 was lower on admission among non-survivors (p<0.05). Non-survivors had higher SOFA and CURB-65 scores while thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and severe ARDS was more prevalent among them (p<0.05). Use of non-invasive ventilation in emergency room, ICU admission and invasive ventilation were associated with mortality in our cohort (p<0.05). Length of hospital stay and days of intubation were longer in non-survivors (p<0.05). Use of azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, steroids, tocilizumab, antibiotics, IVIG or anticoagulation showed no mortality benefit (p>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression showed that age > 60 years, oxygen saturation <93% on admission, pro-calcitonin > 2 ng/ml, unit rise in temperature and SOFA score, ICU admission and sepsis during hospital stay were associated with higher odds of mortality. Larger prospective studies are needed to further strengthen these findings.
References
Audit, ICNARC report on COVID-19 in critical care
Banik, Nag, Chowdhury, Chatterjee, Why Do COVID-19 Fatality Rates Differ Across Countries? An Explorative Cross-country Study Based on Select Indicators, Global Business Review
Cates, Lucero-Obusan, Dahl, Schirmer, Garg et al., Risk for In-Hospital Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Influenza-Veterans Health Administration
Cavalcanti, Zampieri, Rosa, Azevedo, Veiga et al., Hydroxychloroquine with or without Azithromycin in Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19
Dondorp, Hayat, Aryal, Beane, Schultz, Respiratory Support in COVID-19
Fda, Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA revokes emergency use authorization for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
Furtado, Berwanger, Fonseca, Correa, Ferraz et al., Azithromycin in addition to standard of care versus standard of care alone in the treatment of patients admitted to the hospital with severe COVID-19 in Brazil (COALITION II): a randomised clinical trial, Lancet
Grasselli, Greco, Zanella, Albano, Antonelli et al., Risk factors associated with mortality among patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units in Lombardy
Gupta, Wang, Hayek, Chan, Mathews et al., Association between early treatment with tocilizumab and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19
Horby, Lim, Emberson, Mafham, Bell et al., Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19-preliminary report
Jeronimo, Farias, Val, Sampaio, Alexandre et al., double-blind, phase IIb, placebo-controlled trial
Lee, Santomasso, Locke, Ghobadi, Turtle et al., ASTCT consensus grading for cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity associated with immune effector cells, Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Liu, Yao, Qiu, He, Predictive performance of SOFA and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality in severe novel coronavirus disease, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
Malgie, Schoones, Pijls, Decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients treated with Tocilizumab: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, Clin Infect Dis
Nasir, Habib, Khanum, Khan, Muhammad et al., Predictors of severity and mortality of COVID-19 at a tertiary care center in a Lower-middle income country
Organization, Clinical management of COVID-19: interim guidance
Petrilli, Jones, Yang, Rajagopalan, Donnell et al., Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease
Qureshi, Naveed, Yousafzai, Ahmad, Ansari et al., Response of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi to treatment with meropenem and azithromycin, in Pakistan, PLoS neglected tropical diseases
Rawson, Moore, Zhu, Ranganathan, Skolimowska et al., Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection in Individuals With Coronavirus: A Rapid Review To Support COVID-19 Antimicrobial Prescribing, Clin Infect Dis
Rcgjnejo, Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19
Richardson, Hirsch, Narasimhan, Crawford, Mcginn et al., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New
Rosenberg, Dufort, Udo, Wilberschied, Kumar et al., Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York State, JAMA
Sarfaraz, Shaikh, Iftikhar, Herekar, Saleem et al., Is Tocilizumab an effective therapy for Severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Slutsky, Ranieri, Ventilator-induced lung injury, N Engl J Med
Sterne, Murthy, Diaz, Slutsky, Villar et al., Association between administration of systemic corticosteroids and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis, JAMA
Stone, Frigault, Serling-Boyd, Fernandes, Harvey et al., Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Tran, Cimon, Severn, Pessoa-Silva, Conly, Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review, PloS one
Twigg, Hl, Khan, Perkins, Roberts et al., Mortality Rates in a Diverse Cohort of Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Novel Coronavirus in the Urban Midwest
Wang, Hu, Hu, Zhu, Liu et al., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China
Wang, Lu, Li, Chen, Chen et al., Clinical Course and Outcomes of
Who, Timeline: WHO's COVID-19 response 2019
Wu, Chen, Cai, Xia, Zhou et al., Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA Intern Med
Wu, Mcgoogan, Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Yang, Yu, Xu, Shu, Xia et al., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study, Lancet Respir Med
Yao, Ye, Zhang, Cui, Huang et al., In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Clin Infect Dis
Youthful, Conservative Pakistan Is a Coronavirus Bright Spot
{ 'institution': [{'name': 'medRxiv'}], 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-03-01T23:36:29Z', 'timestamp': 1709336189245}, 'posted': {'date-parts': [[2021, 1, 2]]}, 'group-title': 'Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS)', 'reference-count': 40, 'publisher': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'accepted': {'date-parts': [[2021, 1, 2]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Indus ' 'Hospital Karachi, Pakistan between March and June 2020 to describe the determinants of ' 'mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. 186 adult patients were enrolled and ' 'all-cause mortality was found to be 36% (67/186). Those who died were older and more likely ' 'to be males (p&lt;0.05). Temperature and respiratory rate were higher among non-survivors ' 'while Oxygen saturation was lower (p&lt;0.05). Serum CRP, D-dimer and IL-6 were higher while ' 'SpO2 was lower on admission among non-survivors (p&lt;0.05). Non-survivors had higher SOFA ' 'and CURB-65 scores while thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and severe ARDS was more prevalent ' 'among them (p&lt;0.05). Use of non-invasive ventilation in emergency room, ICU admission and ' 'invasive ventilation were associated with mortality in our cohort (p&lt;0.05). Length of ' 'hospital stay and days of intubation were longer in non-survivors (p&lt;0.05). Use of ' 'azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, steroids, tocilizumab, antibiotics, IVIG or anticoagulation ' 'showed no mortality benefit (p&gt;0.05). Multivariable logistic regression showed that age ' '&gt; 60 years, oxygen saturation &lt;93% on admission, pro-calcitonin &gt; 2 ng/ml, unit rise ' 'in temperature and SOFA score, ICU admission and sepsis during hospital stay were associated ' 'with higher odds of mortality. Larger prospective studies are needed to further strengthen ' 'these findings.</jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Findings</jats:title><jats:list ' 'list-type="order"><jats:list-item><jats:p>Age greater than 60 years is associated with ' 'in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 ' 'patients</jats:p></jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Oxygen saturation less than 93% and ' 'ICU admission are associated with higher odds of ' 'mortality</jats:p></jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Inflammatory markers including ' 'CRP, Ferritin and IL-6 were significantly higher among ' 'non-survivors</jats:p></jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Serum pro-calcitonin greater ' 'than 2 ng/ml and sepsis during hospital stay are associated with higher odds of mortality ' 'among COVID-19 patients</jats:p></jats:list-item></jats:list></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.12.28.20248920', 'type': 'posted-content', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 1, 3]], 'date-time': '2021-01-03T07:55:15Z', 'timestamp': 1609660515000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 3, 'title': 'Determinants of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19; a prospective cohort study from Pakistan', 'prefix': '10.1101', 'author': [ {'given': 'Samreen', 'family': 'Sarfaraz', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-2713', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Quratulain', 'family': 'Shaikh', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Syed Ghazanfar', 'family': 'Saleem', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Anum', 'family': 'Rahim', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Fivzia Farooq', 'family': 'Herekar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Samina', 'family': 'Junejo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Aneela', 'family': 'Hussain', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '246', 'reference': [ { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.1', 'unstructured': 'WHO. Timeline: WHO’s COVID-19 response 2019 [Available from: ' 'https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline/#!'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.2', 'unstructured': 'Worldometers. COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. 2020.'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.3', 'unstructured': 'Pakistan Go. Health Advisory 2020 [available from: ' 'https://covid.gov.pk/stats/pakistan.'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Banik A , Nag T , Chowdhury SR , Chatterjee R. Why Do COVID-19 Fatality ' 'Rates Differ Across Countries? An Explorative Cross-country Study Based ' 'on Select Indicators. Global Business Review. 2020:0972150920929897.', 'DOI': '10.1177/0972150920929897'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.5', 'unstructured': 'Organization WH. Clinical management of COVID-19: interim guidance, 27 ' 'May 2020. World Health Organization; 2020.'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Nasir N , Habib K , Khanum I , Khan N , Muhammad ZA , Mahmood SFJAP. ' 'Predictors of severity and mortality of COVID-19 at a tertiary care ' 'center in a Lower-middle income country. 2020.', 'DOI': '10.22541/au.160157569.93781826'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0035797'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1164/rccm.202003-0736LE'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Twigg III HL , Khan SH , Perkins AJ , Roberts S , Sears C , Rahman O , ' 'et al. Mortality Rates in a Diverse Cohort of Mechanically Ventilated ' 'Patients With Novel Coronavirus in the Urban Midwest. 2020;2(8).', 'DOI': '10.1097/CCE.0000000000000187'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.10', 'first-page': '1345', 'article-title': 'Risk factors associated with mortality among patients with COVID-19 in ' 'intensive care units in Lombardy', 'volume': '180', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Italy'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.11', 'first-page': '2020', 'volume': '10', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'ICNARC report on COVID-19 in critical care'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.12', 'unstructured': 'Richardson S , Hirsch JS , Narasimhan M , Crawford JM , McGinn T , ' 'Davidson KW , et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and ' 'outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York ' 'City area. 2020.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '475', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5', 'article-title': 'Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 ' 'pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, ' 'observational study', 'volume': '8', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1191', 'DOI': '10.4269/ajtmh.20-0283', 'article-title': 'Respiratory Support in COVID-19 Patients, with a Focus on ' 'Resource-Limited Settings', 'volume': '102', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Am J Trop Med Hyg'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMra1208707'}, { 'issue': '42', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.16', 'first-page': '1528', 'volume': '69', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Risk for In-Hospital Complications Associated with COVID-19 and ' 'Influenza—Veterans Health Administration, United States, October 1, ' '2018–May 31, 2020'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.758'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.18', 'first-page': '1061', 'article-title': 'Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel ' 'coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan', 'volume': '323', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'China'}, { 'issue': '13', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.19', 'first-page': '1239', 'volume': '323', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease ' '2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases ' 'from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Petrilli CM , Jones SA , Yang J , Rajagopalan H , O’Donnell L , Chernyak ' 'Y , et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical ' 'illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York ' 'City: prospective cohort study. 2020;369.', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.m1966'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.21', 'unstructured': 'WSJ. Why Youthful, Conservative Pakistan Is a Coronavirus Bright Spot ' '2020 [available from: ' 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-youthful-conservative-pakistan-is-a-coronavirus-bright-spot-11596297600.'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.22', 'unstructured': 'CDC. COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) People at Increased Risk 2020 ' '[available from: ' 'https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html.'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '934', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994', 'article-title': 'Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and ' 'Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, ' 'China', 'volume': '180', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Intern Med'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2074', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.019', 'article-title': 'Predictive performance of SOFA and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality in ' 'severe novel coronavirus disease', 'volume': '38', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'The American Journal of Emergency Medicine'}, { 'issue': '15', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '732', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa237', 'article-title': 'In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design ' 'of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory ' 'Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)', 'volume': '71', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '21', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.26', 'first-page': '2030', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'Medicine RCGJNEJo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.27', 'unstructured': 'FDA U. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA revokes emergency use ' 'authorization for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. June; 2020.'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e0008682', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pntd.0008682', 'article-title': 'Response of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi to treatment ' 'with meropenem and azithromycin, in Pakistan', 'volume': '14', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'PLoS neglected tropical diseases'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31862-6'}, { 'issue': '21', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.30', 'first-page': '2041', 'volume': '383', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine with or without Azithromycin in Mild-to-Moderate ' 'Covid-19'}, { 'issue': '24', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2493', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.8630', 'article-title': 'Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With ' 'In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York State', 'volume': '323', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.32', 'first-page': '2459', 'article-title': 'Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection in Individuals With Coronavirus: A ' 'Rapid Review To Support COVID-19 Antimicrobial Prescribing', 'volume': '71', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Horby P , Lim WS , Emberson JR , Mafham M , Bell JL , Linsell L , et al. ' 'Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19-preliminary report. ' '2020.', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.06.22.20137273'}, { 'issue': '13', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1330', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.17023', 'article-title': 'Association between administration of systemic corticosteroids and ' 'mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis', 'volume': '324', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.35', 'unstructured': 'WHO/-nCoV/Corticosteroids/.1 WHOJWrn. Corticosteroids for COVID-19. ' 'Living Guidance. 2020.'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.36', 'unstructured': 'Jeronimo CMP , Farias MEL , Val FFA , Sampaio VS , Alexandre MAA , Melo ' 'GC , et al. Methylprednisolone as adjunctive therapy for patients ' 'hospitalized with COVID-19 (Metcovid): a randomised, double-blind, phase ' 'IIb, placebo-controlled trial. 2020.'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Malgie J , Schoones JW , Pijls BG . Decreased mortality in COVID-19 ' 'patients treated with Tocilizumab: a rapid systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa1445'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.38', 'unstructured': 'Gupta S , Wang W , Hayek SS , Chan L , Mathews KS , Melamed ML , et al. ' 'Association between early treatment with tocilizumab and mortality among ' 'critically ill patients with COVID-19. 2020.'}, { 'issue': '24', 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2333', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2028836', 'article-title': 'Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19', 'volume': '383', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '2021010408350805000_2020.12.28.20248920v1.40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Sarfaraz S , Shaikh Q , Iftikhar S , Herekar FF , Saleem SG , Kanani F. ' 'Is Tocilizumab an effective therapy for Severe COVID-19: a retrospective ' 'cohort study. 2020.', 'DOI': '10.21203/rs.3.rs-80146/v1'}], 'container-title': [], 'original-title': [], 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2020.12.28.20248920', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 12, 15]], 'date-time': '2021-12-15T15:07:06Z', 'timestamp': 1639580826000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.12.28.20248920'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 1, 2]]}, 'references-count': 40, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.28.20248920', 'relation': { 'is-preprint-of': [ { 'id-type': 'doi', 'id': '10.1371/journal.pone.0251754', 'asserted-by': 'subject'}]}, 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 1, 2]]}, 'subtype': 'preprint'}
Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit