Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All HCQ studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19hcq.org COVID-19 treatment researchHCQHCQ (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Mortality analysis of COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis and renal transplant patients compared with patients without kidney disease: a nationwide analysis from Turkey

Ozturk et al., Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfaa271
Dec 2020  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality 44% Improvement Relative Risk HCQ for COVID-19  Ozturk et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 1,150 patients in Turkey Lower mortality with HCQ (not stat. sig., p=0.14) c19hcq.org Ozturk et al., Nephrology Dialysis Tra.., Dec 2020 FavorsHCQ Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020
 
*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 417 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,800+ studies for 102 treatments. c19hcq.org
Retrospective 1210 hospitalized patients in Turkey focused on chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis and renal transplant patients, but also showing lower mortality with HCQ. Subject to confounding by indication.
risk of death, 43.9% lower, RR 0.56, p = 0.14, treatment 165 of 1,127 (14.6%), control 6 of 23 (26.1%), NNT 8.7, CQ/HCQ.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Ozturk et al., 4 Dec 2020, retrospective, Turkey, peer-reviewed, 71 authors.
This PaperHCQAll
Mortality analysis of COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis and renal transplant patients compared with patients without kidney disease: a nationwide analysis from Turkey
Savas Ozturk, Kenan Turgutalp, Mustafa Arici, Ali Riza Odabas, Mehmet Riza Altiparmak, Zeki Aydin, Egemen Cebeci, Taner Basturk, Zeki Soypacaci, Garip Sahin, Tuba Elif Ozler, Ekrem Kara, Hamad Dheir, Necmi Eren, Gultekin Suleymanlar, Mahmud Islam, Melike Betul Ogutmen, Erkan Sengul, Yavuz Ayar, Murside Esra Dolarslan, Serkan Bakirdogen, Seda Safak, Ozkan Gungor, Idris Sahin, Ilay Berke Mentese, Ozgur Merhametsiz, Ebru Gok Oguz, Dilek Gibyeli Genek, Nadir Alpay, Nimet Aktas, Murat Duranay, Selma Alagoz, Hulya Colak, Zelal Adibelli, Irem Pembegul, Ender Hur, Alper Azak, Dilek Guven Taymez, Erhan Tatar, Rumeyza Kazancioglu, Aysegul Oruc, Enver Yuksel, Engin Onan, Kultigin Turkmen, Nuri Baris Hasbal, Ali Gurel, Berna Yelken, Tuncay Sahutoglu, Mahmut Gok, Nurhan Seyahi, Mustafa Sevinc, Sultan Ozkurt, Savas Sipahi, Sibel Gokcay Bek, Feyza Bora, Bulent Demirelli, Ozgur Akin Oto, Orcun Altunoren, Serhan Zubeyde Tuglular, Mehmet Emin Demir, Mehmet Deniz Ayli, Bulent Huddam, Mehmet Tanrisev, Ilter Bozaci, Meltem Gursu, Betul Bakar, Bulent Tokgoz, Halil Zeki Tonbul, Alaattin Yildiz, Siren Sezer, Kenan Ates
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfaa271
Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and immunosuppression, such as in renal transplantation (RT), stand as one of the established potential risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case morbidity and mortality rates for any type of infection have always been much higher in CKD, haemodialysis (HD) and RT patients than in the general population. A large study comparing COVID-19 outcome in moderate to advanced CKD (Stages 3-5), HD and RT patients with a control group of patients is still lacking. Methods. We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational study, involving hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 from 47 centres in Turkey. Patients with CKD Stages 3-5, chronic HD and RT were compared with patients who had COVID-19 but no kidney disease. Demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory tests, COVID-19 treatments and outcome [in-hospital mortality and combined in-hospital outcome mortality or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU)] were compared. Results. A total of 1210 patients were included [median age, 61 (quartile 1-quartile 3 48-71) years, female 551 (45.5%)] composed of four groups: control (n ¼ 450), HD (n ¼ 390), RT (n ¼ 81) and CKD (n ¼ 289). The ICU admission rate was 266/ 1210 (22.0%). A total of 172/1210 (14.2%) patients died. The ICU admission and in-hospital mortality rates in the CKD group [114/289 (39.4%); 95% confidence interval (CI) 33.9-45.2; and 82/289 (28.4%); 95% CI 23.9-34.5)] were significantly higher than the other groups: HD ¼ 99/390 (25.4%; 95% CI 21.3-29.9; P < 0.001) and 63/390 (16.2%; 95% CI 13.0-20.4; P < 0.001); RT ¼ 17/81 (21.0%; 95% CI 13.2-30.8; P ¼ 0.002) and 9/81 (11.1%; 95% CI 5.7-19.5; P ¼ 0.001); and control ¼ 36/450 (8.0%; 95% CI 5.8-10.8; P < 0.001) and 18/450 (4%; 95% CI 2.5-6.2; P < 0.001). Adjusted mortality and adjusted combined outcomes in CKD group and HD groups were significantly higher than the control group [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) CKD: 2.88 (1.52-5.44); P ¼ 0.001; 2.44 (1.35-4.40); P ¼ 0.003; HD: 2.32 (1.21-4.46); P ¼ 0.011; 2.25 (1.23-4.12); P ¼ 0.008), respectively], but these were not significantly different in the RT from in the control group [HR (95% CI) 1.89 (0.76-4.72); P ¼ 0.169; 1.87 (0.81-4.28); P ¼ 0.138, respectively]. Conclusions. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with CKDs, including Stages 3-5 CKD, HD and RT, have significantly higher mortality than patients without kidney disease. Stages 3-5 CKD patients have an in-hospital mortality rate as much as HD patients, which may be in part because of similar age and comorbidity burden. We were unable to assess if RT patients were or were not at increased risk for in-hospital mortality because of the relatively small sample size of the RT patients in this study.
F U N D I N G The study was funded by Turkish Society of Nephrology. C O N F L I C T O F I N T E R E S T S T A T E M E N T The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. R E F E R E N C E S
References
Abadja, Atemkeng, Alamartine, Impact of mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus on Th17-related immune response, Transplantation
Akalin, Azzi, Bartash, Covid-19 and kidney transplantation, N Engl J Med
Alberici, Delbarba, Manenti, A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia, Kidney Int
Alberici, Delbarba, Manenti, Management of patients on dialysis and with kidney transplant during SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in Brescia, Italy, Kidney Int Rep
Arici, Walls, End-stage renal disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular mortality: Is C-reactive protein the missing link?, Kidney Int
Basile, Combe, Pizzarelli, Recommendations for the prevention, mitigation and containment of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in haemodialysis centres, Nephrol Dial Transplant
Cao, Wang, Wen, A Trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe covid-19, N Engl J Med
Cheng, Luo, Wang, Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19, Kidney Int
Corbett, Blakey, Nitsch, for the West London Renal and Transplant Centre. Epidemiology of COVID-19 in an urban dialysis center, J Am Soc Nephrol
Domı ´nguez-Gil, Coll, Ferna ´ndez-Ruiz, COVID-19 in Spain: transplantation in the midst of the pandemic, Am J Transplant
Ferna ´ndez-Ruiz, ´s, Loinaz, COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: a single-center case series from Spain, Am J Transplant
Foley, Murray, Li, Chronic kidney disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease, renal replacement, and death in the United States Medicare population, 1998 to 1999, J Am Soc Nephrol
Guan, Ni, Hu, Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, N Engl J Med
Haemoglobin, g/dL, mean
Henry, Lippi, Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, Int Urol Nephrol
Iaccarino, Grassi, Borghi, Age and multimorbidity predict death among COVID-19 patients: results of the SARS-RAS study of the Italian society of hypertension, Hypertension
Ldh, upper limit of normal)
Levey, Stevens, Schmid, for the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate, Ann Intern Med
Loupy, Aubert, Reese, Organ procurement and transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic, Lancet
Ma, Diao, Lv, Novel Coronavirus Disease in Hemodialysis (HD) Patients: Report from One HD Center, doi:10.1101/2020.02.24.20027201
Mahmoodi, Matsushita, Woodward, Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without hypertension: a meta-analysis, Lancet
Malberti, Pecchini, Marchi, Foramitti, When a nephrology ward becomes a COVID-19 ward: the Cremona experience, J Nephrol
Meyer, Hostetter, Uremia, N Engl J Med
Naicker, Yang, Hwang, The novel coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys, Kidney Int
Perazella, Renal vulnerability to drug toxicity, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol
Richardson, Hirsch, Narasimhan, and the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area, JAMA
Romanelli, Mascolo, Immunosuppression drug-related and clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019: a therapeutical hypothesis, Am J Transplant
Sa ´nchez-A ´lvarez, Fonta ´n Mp, Martı ´n Cj, Situacio ´n de la infeccio ´n por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo. Informe del Registro COVID-19 de la sociedad española de nefrologı ´a (SEN), Nefrologı ´a
Scarpioni, Manini, Valsania, Covid-19 and its impact on nephropathic patients: the experience at Ospedale "Guglielmo da Saliceto" in Piacenza, G Ital Nefrol
Schlieper, Hess, Floege, The vulnerable patient with chronic kidney disease, Nephrol Dial Transplant
Su, Yang, Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China, Kidney Int
Suleymanlar, Utas, Arinsoy, A population-based survey of Chronic REnal Disease In Turkey-the CREDIT study, Nephrol Dial Transplant
Syed-Ahmed, Narayanan, Immune dysfunction and risk of infection in chronic kidney disease, Adv Chronic Kidney Dis
Valeri, Robbins-Juarez, Stevens, Presentation and outcomes of patients with ESKD and COVID-19, J Am Soc Nephrol
Wang, Xu, Gao, Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens, JAMA
Xiong, Tang, Liu, Clinical characteristics of and medical interventions for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients in Wuhan, J Am Soc Nephrol
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 27]], 'date-time': '2024-03-27T09:32:11Z', 'timestamp': 1711531931423}, 'reference-count': 36, 'publisher': 'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 'issue': '12', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 4]], 'date-time': '2020-12-04T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1607040000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 3, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100004413', 'name': 'Turkish Society of Nephrology', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 4]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and immunosuppression, such as in ' 'renal transplantation (RT), stand as one of the established potential risk factors for severe ' 'coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case morbidity and mortality rates for any type of ' 'infection have always been much higher in CKD, haemodialysis (HD) and RT patients than in the ' 'general population. A large study comparing COVID-19 outcome in moderate to advanced CKD ' '(Stages 3–5), HD and RT patients with a control group of patients is still lacking.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational study, ' 'involving hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 from 47 centres in Turkey. Patients with ' 'CKD Stages 3–5, chronic HD and RT were compared with patients who had COVID-19 but no kidney ' 'disease. Demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory tests, COVID-19 treatments and ' 'outcome [in-hospital mortality and combined in-hospital outcome mortality or admission to the ' 'intensive care unit (ICU)] were compared.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>A total of 1210 patients were included [median age, 61 (quartile ' '1–quartile 3 48–71) years, female 551 (45.5%)] composed of four groups: control (n = 450), HD ' '(n = 390), RT (n = 81) and CKD (n = 289). The ICU admission rate was 266/1210 (22.0%). A ' 'total of 172/1210 (14.2%) patients died. The ICU admission and in-hospital mortality rates in ' 'the CKD group [114/289 (39.4%); 95% confidence interval (CI) 33.9–45.2; and 82/289 (28.4%); ' '95% CI 23.9–34.5)] were significantly higher than the other groups: HD = 99/390 (25.4%; 95% ' 'CI 21.3–29.9; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and 63/390 (16.2%; 95% CI 13.0–20.4; P\u2009' '&amp;lt;\u20090.001); RT = 17/81 (21.0%; 95% CI 13.2–30.8; P = 0.002) and 9/81 (11.1%; 95% CI ' '5.7–19.5; P = 0.001); and control = 36/450 (8.0%; 95% CI 5.8–10.8; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009' '0.001) and 18/450 (4%; 95% CI 2.5–6.2; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Adjusted mortality and ' 'adjusted combined outcomes in CKD group and HD groups were significantly higher than the ' 'control group [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) CKD: 2.88 (1.52–5.44); P = 0.001; 2.44 (1.35–4.40); ' 'P = 0.003; HD: 2.32 (1.21–4.46); P = 0.011; 2.25 (1.23–4.12); P = 0.008), respectively], but ' 'these were not significantly different in the RT from in the control group [HR (95% CI) 1.89 ' '(0.76–4.72); P = 0.169; 1.87 (0.81–4.28); P = 0.138, respectively].</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with CKDs, including Stages 3–5 CKD, ' 'HD and RT, have significantly higher mortality than patients without kidney disease. Stages ' '3–5 CKD patients have an in-hospital mortality rate as much as HD patients, which may be in ' 'part because of similar age and comorbidity burden. We were unable to assess if RT patients ' 'were or were not at increased risk for in-hospital mortality because of the relatively small ' 'sample size of the RT patients in this study.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1093/ndt/gfaa271', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 7]], 'date-time': '2020-10-07T03:36:53Z', 'timestamp': 1602041813000}, 'page': '2083-2095', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 134, 'title': 'Mortality analysis of COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis and renal ' 'transplant patients compared with\xa0patients without kidney disease: a nationwide analysis from ' 'Turkey', 'prefix': '10.1093', 'volume': '35', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Savas', 'family': 'Ozturk', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Haseki ' 'Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Kenan', 'family': 'Turgutalp', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty ' 'of Medicine, Mersin University Training and Research Hospital, ' 'Mersin, Turkey'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-7896', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Mustafa', 'family': 'Arici', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe ' 'University, Ankara, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Ali Riza', 'family': 'Odabas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan ' '2.Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Mehmet Riza', 'family': 'Altiparmak', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'Istanbul University – Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, ' 'Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Zeki', 'family': 'Aydin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Darica Farabi Training and Research ' 'Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Egemen', 'family': 'Cebeci', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Haseki ' 'Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Taner', 'family': 'Basturk', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and ' 'Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Zeki', 'family': 'Soypacaci', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Izmir ' 'Katip Celebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, ' 'Izmir, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Garip', 'family': 'Sahin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty ' 'of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Tuba', 'family': 'Elif Ozler', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'University of Health Sciences, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training ' 'and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Ekrem', 'family': 'Kara', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty ' 'of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Hamad', 'family': 'Dheir', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Sakarya ' 'University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Necmi', 'family': 'Eren', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli ' 'University, Kocaeli, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Gultekin', 'family': 'Suleymanlar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty ' 'of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1284-916X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Mahmud', 'family': 'Islam', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Zonguldak Ataturk State Hospital, ' 'Zonguldak, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Melike Betul', 'family': 'Ogutmen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, ' 'Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Erkan', 'family': 'Sengul', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli ' 'Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Yavuz', 'family': 'Ayar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Murside Esra', 'family': 'Dolarslan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon ' 'Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Serkan', 'family': 'Bakirdogen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Seda', 'family': 'Safak', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Ozkan', 'family': 'Gungor', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University ' 'Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Idris', 'family': 'Sahin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Inonu ' 'University Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, ' 'Malatya, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Ilay Berke', 'family': 'Mentese', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Marmara ' 'University Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik ' 'Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Ozgur', 'family': 'Merhametsiz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Yeni ' 'Yuzyil University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Ebru Gok', 'family': 'Oguz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi ' 'Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Dilek Gibyeli', 'family': 'Genek', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Mugla ' 'Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Medicine, Training and ' 'Research Hospital, Mugla, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Nadir', 'family': 'Alpay', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'Memorial Hizmet Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Nimet', 'family': 'Aktas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa ' 'Higher Specialization Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Murat', 'family': 'Duranay', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara ' 'Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Selma', 'family': 'Alagoz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'University of Health Sciences, Bagcilar Training and Research ' 'Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Hulya', 'family': 'Colak', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'University of Health Sciences, Training and Research Hospital, ' 'Izmir, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Zelal', 'family': 'Adibelli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty ' 'of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Irem', 'family': 'Pembegul', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Malatya Training and Research ' 'Hospital, Malatya, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Ender', 'family': 'Hur', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Manisa Merkezefendi State Hospital, ' 'Manisa, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Alper', 'family': 'Azak', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Balıkesir Ataturk City Hospital, ' 'Balikesir, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Dilek Guven', 'family': 'Taymez', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Kocaeli State Hospital, Kocaeli, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Erhan', 'family': 'Tatar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Izmir ' 'Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Rumeyza', 'family': 'Kazancioglu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Aysegul', 'family': 'Oruc', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of ' 'Medicine, Bursa, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Enver', 'family': 'Yuksel', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, ' 'Diyarbakır Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, ' 'Diyarbakir, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Engin', 'family': 'Onan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Adana City Training and Research ' 'Hospital, Adana, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Kultigin', 'family': 'Turkmen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram ' 'Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-5140', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Nuri Baris', 'family': 'Hasbal', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Hakkari State Hospital, Hakkari, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Ali', 'family': 'Gurel', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Firat ' 'University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Berna', 'family': 'Yelken', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Transplantation, Koc University Hospital, ' 'Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-4421', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Tuncay', 'family': 'Sahutoglu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Mehmet ' 'Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Mahmut', 'family': 'Gok', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan ' '2.Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Nurhan', 'family': 'Seyahi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'Istanbul University – Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, ' 'Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2804-4884', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Mustafa', 'family': 'Sevinc', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and ' 'Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Sultan', 'family': 'Ozkurt', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty ' 'of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Savas', 'family': 'Sipahi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Sakarya ' 'University Faculty of Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, ' 'Sakarya, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Sibel Gokcay', 'family': 'Bek', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli ' 'University, Kocaeli, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Feyza', 'family': 'Bora', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty ' 'of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Bulent', 'family': 'Demirelli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, ' 'Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Ozgur Akin', 'family': 'Oto', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Orcun', 'family': 'Altunoren', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University ' 'Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Serhan Zubeyde', 'family': 'Tuglular', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Marmara ' 'University Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik ' 'Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2491-4926', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Mehmet Emin', 'family': 'Demir', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Yeni ' 'Yuzyil University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Mehmet Deniz', 'family': 'Ayli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi ' 'Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Bulent', 'family': 'Huddam', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Mugla ' 'Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Medicine, Training and ' 'Research Hospital, Mugla, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Mehmet', 'family': 'Tanrisev', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research ' 'Hospital, Izmir, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Ilter', 'family': 'Bozaci', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Izmir ' 'Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Meltem', 'family': 'Gursu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, ' 'Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Betul', 'family': 'Bakar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara ' 'Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Bulent', 'family': 'Tokgoz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Erciyes University Faculty of ' 'Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Halil Zeki', 'family': 'Tonbul', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Nephrology, Adana City Training and Research ' 'Hospital, Adana, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Alaattin', 'family': 'Yildiz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, ' 'Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Siren', 'family': 'Sezer', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Atilim ' 'University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey'}]}, { 'given': 'Kenan', 'family': 'Ates', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ankara ' 'University Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey'}]}], 'member': '286', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 4]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '824', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.001', 'article-title': 'The novel coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys', 'volume': '97', 'author': 'Naicker', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Kidney Int'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '737', 'DOI': '10.1093/ndt/gfaa069', 'article-title': 'Recommendations for the prevention, mitigation and containment of the ' 'emerging SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in haemodialysis centres', 'volume': '35', 'author': 'Basile', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nephrol Dial Transplant'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B3', 'first-page': '1843', 'article-title': 'Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, {'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B4'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '604', 'DOI': '10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006', 'article-title': 'A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate', 'volume': '150', 'author': 'Levey', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '382', 'DOI': '10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e2', 'article-title': 'Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health ' 'conditions among patients with coronavirus disease 2019—United States, ' 'February 12–March 28, 2020', 'volume': '69', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '829', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005', 'article-title': 'Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '97', 'author': 'Cheng', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Kidney Int'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1193', 'DOI': '10.1007/s11255-020-02451-9', 'article-title': 'Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease ' '2019 (COVID-19) infection', 'volume': '52', 'author': 'Henry', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int Urol Nephrol'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1708', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2002032', 'article-title': 'Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Guan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '625', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40620-020-00743-y', 'article-title': 'When a nephrology ward becomes a COVID-19 ward: the Cremona experience', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'Malberti', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Nephrol'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1649', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61272-0', 'article-title': 'Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage ' 'renal disease in individuals with and without hypertension: a ' 'meta-analysis', 'volume': '380', 'author': 'Mahmoodi', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '489', 'DOI': '10.1681/ASN.2004030203', 'article-title': 'Chronic kidney disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease, renal ' 'replacement, and death in the United States Medicare population, 1998 ' 'to 1999', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Foley', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'J Am Soc Nephrol'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1862', 'DOI': '10.1093/ndt/gfq656', 'article-title': 'A population-based survey of Chronic REnal Disease In Turkey–the CREDIT ' 'study', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Suleymanlar', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Nephrol Dial Transplant'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '366', 'DOI': '10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15324', 'article-title': 'Age and multimorbidity predict death among COVID-19 patients: results ' 'of the SARS-RAS study of the Italian society of hypertension', 'volume': '76', 'author': 'Iaccarino', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Hypertension'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '8', 'DOI': '10.1053/j.ackd.2019.01.004', 'article-title': 'Immune dysfunction and risk of infection in chronic kidney disease', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Syed-Ahmed', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Adv Chronic Kidney Dis'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '407', 'DOI': '10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.059002407.x', 'article-title': 'End-stage renal disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular mortality: ' 'Is C-reactive protein the missing link?', 'volume': '59', 'author': 'Arici', 'year': '2001', 'journal-title': 'Kidney Int'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1316', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMra071313', 'article-title': 'Uremia', 'volume': '357', 'author': 'Meyer', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1275', 'DOI': '10.2215/CJN.02050309', 'article-title': 'Renal vulnerability to drug toxicity', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Perazella', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Clin J Am Soc Nephrol'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '382', 'DOI': '10.1093/ndt/gfv041', 'article-title': 'The vulnerable patient with chronic kidney disease', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Schlieper', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Nephrol Dial Transplant'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '580', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ekir.2020.04.001', 'article-title': 'Management of patients on dialysis and with kidney transplant during ' 'SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in Brescia, Italy', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Alberici', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Kidney Int Rep'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '272', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.nefro.2020.04.002', 'article-title': 'Situación de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes en tratamiento ' 'renal sustitutivo. Informe del Registro COVID-19 de la sociedad ' 'española de nefrología (SEN)', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'Sánchez-Álvarez', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nefrología'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1409', 'DOI': '10.1681/ASN.2020040470', 'article-title': 'Presentation and outcomes of patients with ESKD and COVID-19', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Valeri', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Am Soc Nephrol'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1387', 'DOI': '10.1681/ASN.2020030354', 'article-title': 'Clinical characteristics of and medical interventions for COVID-19 in ' 'hemodialysis patients in Wuhan', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Xiong', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Am Soc Nephrol'}, {'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B24', 'author': 'Ma', 'year': '2020'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B25', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Covid-19 and its impact on nephropathic patients: the experience at ' 'Ospedale “Guglielmo da Saliceto” in Piacenza', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Scarpioni', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'G Ital Nefrol'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1815', 'DOI': '10.1681/ASN.2020040534', 'article-title': 'Epidemiology of COVID-19 in an urban dialysis center', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Corbett', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Am Soc Nephrol'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1083', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.002', 'article-title': 'A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and ' 'short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for ' 'SARS-CoV2 pneumonia', 'volume': '97', 'author': 'Alberici', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Kidney Int'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2475', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMc2011117', 'article-title': 'Covid-19 and kidney transplantation', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Akalin', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1787', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2001282', 'article-title': 'A Trial of lopinavir–ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe ' 'covid-19', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Cao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2052', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.6775', 'article-title': 'Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 ' 'patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Richardson', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1849', 'DOI': '10.1111/ajt.15929', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: a single-center case ' 'series from Spain', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Fernández-Ruiz', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Am J Transplant'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1947', 'DOI': '10.1111/ajt.15905', 'article-title': 'Immunosuppression drug-related and clinical manifestation of ' 'coronavirus disease 2019: a therapeutical hypothesis', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Romanelli', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Am J Transplant'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '396', 'DOI': '10.1097/TP.0b013e3182247b5f', 'article-title': 'Impact of mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus on Th17-related immune ' 'response', 'volume': '92', 'author': 'Abadja', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Transplantation'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '219', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003', 'article-title': 'Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients ' 'with COVID-19 in China', 'volume': '98', 'author': 'Su', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Kidney Int'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2593', 'DOI': '10.1111/ajt.15983', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 in Spain: transplantation in the midst of the pandemic', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Domínguez-Gil', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Am J Transplant'}, { 'key': '2020120410165762600_gfaa271-B36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e95', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31040-0', 'article-title': 'Organ procurement and transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Loupy', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}], 'container-title': 'Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'http://academic.oup.com/ndt/article-pdf/35/12/2083/34696726/gfaa271.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'syndication'}, { 'URL': 'http://academic.oup.com/ndt/article-pdf/35/12/2083/34696726/gfaa271.pdf', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 5]], 'date-time': '2020-12-05T05:00:29Z', 'timestamp': 1607144429000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/ndt/article/35/12/2083/6020341'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12]]}, 'references-count': 36, 'journal-issue': { 'issue': '12', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 4]]}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 4]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa271', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0931-0509', '1460-2385'], 'subject': ['Transplantation', 'Nephrology'], 'published-other': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12]]}, 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12]]}}
Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit