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Hydroxychloroquine Monotherapy and in Combination With Azithromycin in Patients With Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Disease

Novartis, NCT04358081, NCT04358081

Jul 2020

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HCQ for COVID-19

1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020

^*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 411 studies, recognized in 46 countries.

Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, progression, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. ^* >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.

4,500+ studies for 81 treatments. c19hcq.org

Early terminated RCT with only 20 patients.

Viral load measured by PCR may not accurately reflect infectious virus measured by viral culture. Porter et al. show that viral load early in infection was correlated with infectious virus, but viral load late in infection could be high even with low or undetectable infectious virus. Assessing viral load later in infection may underestimate reductions in infectious virus with treatment.

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risk of death, 70.6% lower, RR 0.29, p = 0.42, treatment 0 of 7 (0.0%), control 1 of 5 (20.0%), NNT 5.0, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), day 15.

risk of no hospital discharge, 70.6% lower, RR 0.29, p = 0.42, treatment 0 of 7 (0.0%), control 1 of 5 (20.0%), NNT 5.0, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), day 15.

risk of no improvement, 70.6% lower, RR 0.29, p = 0.42, treatment 0 of 7 (0.0%), control 1 of 5 (20.0%), NNT 5.0, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), clinical response, day 15.

risk of no viral clearance, 78.6% higher, RR 1.79, p = 0.56, treatment 5 of 7 (71.4%), control 2 of 5 (40.0%), day 10.

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates

1. Porter et al., The ratio between SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load and culturable viral titer differs depending on stage of infection, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2023.07.06.23292300.medrxiv.org, doi.org.

Novartis et al., 27 Jul 2020, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, USA, preprint, 1 author, trial NCT04358081 (history).

This Paper HCQ All

Late treatment
is less effective

Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.

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