Factors affecting different COVID-19 outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during the second pandemic wave of COVID-19 in China

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 6]], 'date-time': '2024-02-06T00:35:24Z', 'timestamp': 1707179724867}, 'reference-count': 29, 'publisher': 'SAGE Publications', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 5]], 'date-time': '2024-02-05T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1707091200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100001809', 'name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['NO.82260898']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['journals.sagepub.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p> To investigate characteristics ' 'associated with different COVID-19 outcomes of people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ' 'and COVID-19 during the second pandemic wave of COVID-19 in China. ' '</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p> In this retrospective ' 'study, people with SLE and COVID-19 who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang ' 'University from December 2022 and February 2023 were subjected to this study. The three ' 'possible outcomes were listed in order of ordinal severity: (1) not hospitalized, (2) ' 'hospitalized but not receiving oxygenation, and (3) hospitalized with any ventilation or ' 'oxygenation. A multivariable ordinal logistic regression model was built to examine the ' 'association between COVID-19 severity and demographic traits, medications, comorbidities, and ' 'disease activity. Furthermore, among the 301 SLE patients included in our study, only two ' 'patients experienced mortality. In order to maintain statistical rigor, we have included ' 'these two deceased patients in the outcome measure of hospitalized with any ventilation or ' 'oxygenation. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p> A total ' 'of 301 patients with SLE were enrolled in this study. The multivariate ordinal logistic ' 'regression analyses indicated that high SLE disease activity (vs remission; OR 39.04, 95% CI ' '3.08 to 494.44, p = .005) was associated with more severe outcomes. Three doses of COVID-19 ' 'vaccination (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.51, p = .001), glucocorticoids dose (1–5\xa0mg/day ' '0.14, 0.03 to 0.73, p = .020, and 6–9\xa0mg/day 0.12, 0.02 to 0.61, p = .010), and more ' 'intensive immunosuppression drugs (0.34, 0.12 to 0.97, p = .044) were associated with better ' 'outcomes. In age-adjusted and sex-adjusted models, telitacicept (6.66, 1.35 to 32.86, p = ' '.020) and rituximab (7.81, 1.87 to 32.66, p = .005) were associated with more severe ' 'outcomes. Hydroxychloroquine (0.47, 0.25 to 0.88, p = .018) was associated with favorable ' 'outcomes. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p> Different ' 'COVID-19 outcomes in people with SLE are mostly driven by COVID-19 vaccination, medications, ' 'and activity SLE. More importantly, three doses of COVID-19 vaccination may be associated ' 'with better outcomes. </jats:p></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1177/09612033241230736', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 5]], 'date-time': '2024-02-05T11:44:34Z', 'timestamp': 1707133474000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/sage-journals-update-policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Factors affecting different COVID-19 outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ' 'during the second pandemic wave of COVID-19 in China', 'prefix': '10.1177', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9144-1623', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Peng-Cheng', 'family': 'Liu', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, ' 'Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China'}]}, { 'given': 'Min', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, ' 'Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9629-8558', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Jian-Bin', 'family': 'Li', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, ' 'Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China'}]}, { 'given': 'Yi-Lin', 'family': 'Peng', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, ' 'Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China'}]}, { 'given': 'Shu-Jiao', 'family': 'Yu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, ' 'Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-4912', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Rui', 'family': 'Wu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, ' 'Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, ' 'China'}]}], 'member': '179', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 5]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'bibr1-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4'}, { 'key': 'bibr2-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30227-7'}, { 'key': 'bibr3-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00151-X'}, { 'key': 'bibr4-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217763'}, { 'key': 'bibr5-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1080/1744666X.2021.1847084'}, { 'key': 'bibr6-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.12839'}, { 'key': 'bibr7-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2918-0'}, { 'key': 'bibr8-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221636'}, { 'key': 'bibr9-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214819'}, { 'key': 'bibr10-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1002/art.1780350606'}, { 'key': 'bibr11-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2798-3'}, { 'key': 'bibr12-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8'}, { 'key': 'bibr13-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2028436'}, { 'key': 'bibr14-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2022483'}, { 'key': 'bibr15-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2034201'}, { 'key': 'bibr16-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2027906'}, { 'key': 'bibr17-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220272'}, { 'key': 'bibr18-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220736'}, { 'key': 'bibr19-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220647'}, { 'key': 'bibr20-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220597'}, { 'key': 'bibr21-09612033241230736', 'first-page': 'Cd015477', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Graña C', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev'}, { 'key': 'bibr22-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00345-0'}, { 'key': 'bibr23-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218244'}, { 'key': 'bibr24-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219498'}, { 'key': 'bibr25-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220134'}, { 'key': 'bibr26-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1177/0961203319860579'}, { 'key': 'bibr27-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1002/cpdd.1136'}, { 'key': 'bibr28-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220503'}, { 'key': 'bibr29-09612033241230736', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100154'}], 'container-title': 'Lupus', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/09612033241230736', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/09612033241230736', 'content-type': 'application/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/09612033241230736', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 5]], 'date-time': '2024-02-05T11:44:40Z', 'timestamp': 1707133480000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09612033241230736'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 5]]}, 'references-count': 29, 'alternative-id': ['10.1177/09612033241230736'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09612033241230736', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0961-2033', '1477-0962'], 'subject': ['Rheumatology'], 'container-title-short': 'Lupus', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 5]]}}