Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All HCQ studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19hcq.org COVID-19 treatment researchHCQHCQ (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Antirheumatic Drug Intake Influence on Occurrence of COVID-19 Infection in Ambulatory Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Cohort Study

Guillaume et al., Rheumatology and Therapy, doi:10.1007/s40744-021-00373-1, NCT04345159
Sep 2021  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Hospitalization -2% Improvement Relative Risk Case -3% Case, before adjustments 23% HCQ for COVID-19  Guillaume et al.  Prophylaxis Is pre-exposure prophylaxis with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 459 patients in France (April - April 2020) Study underpowered to detect differences c19hcq.org Guillaume et al., Rheumatology and The.., Sep 2021 FavorsHCQ Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020
 
*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 411 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,500+ studies for 81 treatments. c19hcq.org
Retrospective 459 SLE, RA, SjS, or PsA patients in France, showing no significant difference with HCQ treatment. However, the statistical analysis shows significant mismatches with prior research, which may be due to overfitting with the limited data and very small number of events. For example, the analysis estimates lower risk OR 0.72 for age, and shows very different relative risks of SLE, RA, SjS, or PsA compared to other research. We note the very different distribution of diseases in the groups, for example there is a much higher prevalence of PsA in the no HCQ group. The inaccurate estimations of risk for the different diseases and for age likely makes the adjusted analysis very inaccurate.
This study is excluded in the after exclusion results of meta analysis: statistical analysis shows significant mismatch with prior research, potential overfitting.
risk of hospitalization, 2.4% higher, RR 1.02, p = 1.00, treatment 2 of 181 (1.1%), control 3 of 278 (1.1%).
risk of case, 2.9% higher, RR 1.03, p = 0.96, treatment 6 of 181 (3.3%), control 12 of 278 (4.3%), adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk.
risk of case, 23.2% lower, RR 0.77, p = 0.63, treatment 6 of 181 (3.3%), control 12 of 278 (4.3%), NNT 100.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Guillaume et al., 16 Sep 2021, retrospective, France, peer-reviewed, survey, 25 authors, study period 17 April, 2020 - 30 April, 2020, trial NCT04345159 (history). Contact: gatinel@gmail.com.
This PaperHCQAll
Antirheumatic Drug Intake Influence on Occurrence of COVID-19 Infection in Ambulatory Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Cohort Study
Debellemanière Guillaume, Bouvet Magalie, Elahi Sina, Salah-Mabed Imène, Vayr Frédéric, Dubois Mathieu, Muselier Aurore, Gozlan Yoni, Elbaz Emma, Badatcheff Charlotte, Fabre Laura, Saad Alain, Nahaisi Steven, Zeboulon Pierre, Febbraro Jean-Luc, Courtin Romain, Grise-Dulac Alice, Mazharian Adrien, Ghazal Wassim, Remongin Pierre-Emmanuel, Panthier Christophe, Chirouze Catherine, Bertrand Kevin, Sené Thomas, Gatinel Damien
Rheumatology and Therapy, doi:10.1007/s40744-021-00373-1
Introduction: We aimed to study the prevalence of a history of COVID-19 infection among patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjo ¨gren's syndrome (SjS) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and the potential influence of long-term hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) intake. Methods: We performed an observational monocentric cohort study at the Adolphe de Rothschild Foundation Hospital ophthalmology division (Paris, France). Electronic medical records (EMR) data were searched for keywords associated with SLE, RA, SjS, or PsA. Patients were contacted by phone and were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a positive COVID-19 test result during the study period. We determined the adjusted association between various antirheumatic drugs intake, COVID-19 risk factors, and occurrence of COVID-19 using a logistic regression model. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04345159). Results: Patients were recruited between Apr 17, 2020, and Apr 30, 2020 and were recontacted between Oct 6, 2020, and Nov 2, 2020. A total of 569 patients were included, of whom 459 patients were eligible for data analysis. One hundred and eighty-one patients were treated with long-term HCQ and 18 patients had tested positive for COVID-19. No antirheumatic drug intake, including HCQ intake, was significantly associated with an increased or decreased risk of developing COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: No antirheumatic drug intake was associated with an increased or decreased risk of developing COVID-19 infection in our cohort of patients suffering from immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
References
Ader, Peiffer-Smadja, Poissy, Bouscambert-Duchamp, Belhadi et al., An openlabel randomized controlled trial of the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir plus IFN-b-1a and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, Clin Microbiol Infect, doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.020
Amani, Khanijahani, Amani, Hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care compared with standard of care alone in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Sci Rep
Axfors, Schmitt, Janiaud, Van't Hooft, Abd-Elsalam et al., Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials, Nat Commun
Castelnuovo, Costanzo, Cassone, Cauda, Gaetano et al., Hydroxychloroquine and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials
Cavalcanti, Zampieri, Rosa, Azevedo, Veiga et al., Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin in mild-to-moderate Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Cordtz, Lindhardsen, Soussi, Vela, Uhrenholt et al., Incidence and severeness of COVID-19 hospitalisation in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease: a nationwide cohort study from Denmark, Rheumatology, doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa897
Dalton, Gunzler, Jain, Perzynski, Dawson et al., Mechanisms of socioeconomic differences in COVID-19 screening and hospitalizations, PLoS ONE
Dube ´e, Roy, Vielle, Parot-Schinkel, Blanchet et al., Hydroxychloroquine in mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019: a placebo-controlled double blind trial, Clin Microbiol Infect, doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.03.005
Eze, Mezue, Nduka, Obianyo, Egbuche, Efficacy and safety of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 patients-a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Am J Cardiovasc Dis
Ferreira, Oliveira-E-Silva, Bettencourt, Chronic treatment with hydroxychloroquine and SARS-CoV-2 infection, J Med Virol
Galan, Santos, Asato, Arau ´jo, De Lima, Phase 2 randomized study on chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine or ivermectin in hospitalized patients with severe manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Gautret, Lagier, Parola, Hoang, Meddeb et al., Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial, Int J Antimicrob Agents
Geleris, Sun, Platt, Zucker, Baldwin et al., Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Gerlovin, Posner, Ho, Rentsch, Tate et al., Pharmacoepidemiology, machine learning and COVID-19: an intent-to-treat analysis of hydroxychloroquine, with or without azithromycin, and COVID-19 outcomes amongst hospitalized US Veterans, Am J Epidemiol, doi:10.1093/aje/kwab183
Gianfrancesco, Hyrich, Al-Adely, Carmona, Danila et al., Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry, Ann Rheum Dis
Hernandez, Ingemi, Sherman, Pasupuleti, Barboza et al., Impact of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine on people at high risk of COVID-19: a systematic review and metaanalysis, J Clin Med Res, doi:10.3390/jcm10122609
Hernandez, Phan, Pasupuleti, Barboza, Piscoya, Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine for hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Clin Med Res, doi:10.3390/jcm10112503
Johnston, Brown, Stewart, Karita, Kissinger et al., Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for treatment of early SARS-CoV-2 infection among high-risk outpatient adults: a randomized clinical trial
Konig, Kim, Scheetz, Graef, Liew et al., Baseline use of hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus does not preclude SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, Ann Rheum Dis
Lagier, Million, Gautret, Colson, Cortaredona et al., Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: a retrospective analysis, Travel Med Infect Dis
Liu, Cao, Xu, Wang, Zhang et al., Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, Cell Discov
Lo, Nguyen, Drew, Warner, Joshi et al., Chan AT, COPE Consortium. Race, ethnicity, community-level socioeconomic factors, and risk of COVID-19 in the United States and the United Kingdom
Mathian, Mahevas, Rohmer, Roumier, Cohen-Aubart et al., Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a series of 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine, Ann Rheum Dis
Pham, Torres, Satlin, Goyal, Gulick, Failure of chronic hydroxychloroquine in preventing severe complications of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases, Rheumatol Adv Pract
Re ´a-Neto, Bernardelli, Ca ˆmara, Bmd, Reese et al., An open-label randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in severe COVID-19 patients, Sci Rep
Reis, Silva, Silva, Thabane, Singh et al., Effect of early treatment with hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir and ritonavir on risk of hospitalization among patients with COVID-19: the TOGETHER randomized clinical trial, JAMA Netw Open
Rentsch, Devito, Mackenna, Morton, Bhaskaran et al., Effect of pre-exposure use of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 mortality: a population-based cohort study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus using the OpenSAFELY platform, Lancet Rheumatol
Rosenberg, Dufort, Udo, Wilberschied, Kumar et al., Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with inhospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York State, JAMA
Sammartino, Jafri, Cook, Kim, Cardasis, Predictors for inpatient mortality during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a retrospective analysis, PLoS ONE
Sandoval, Nguyen, Vahidy, Graviss, Risk factors for severity of COVID-19 in hospital patients aged 18-29 years, PLoS ONE
Sbidian, Penso, Herlemont, Botton, Baricault et al., Comment on ''Baseline use of hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus does not preclude SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19'' by Konig et al. Long-term exposure to hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine and the risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19: a nationwide, observational cohort study in 54,873 exposed individuals and 155,689 matched unexposed individuals in France, Ann Rheum Dis, doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218647
Schwartz, Boesen, Cerchiaro, Doram, Edwards et al., Assessing the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine as outpatient treatment of COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial, CMAJ Open
Seet, Quek, Ooi, Sengupta, Lakshminarasappa et al., Positive impact of oral hydroxychloroquine and povidone-iodine throat spray for COVID-19 prophylaxis: an openlabel randomized trial, Int J Infect Dis
Sivapalan, Ulrik, Lapperre, Bojesen, Eklo ¨f et al., Azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19-a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial, Eur Respir J, doi:10.1183/13993003.00752-2021
Yao, Ye, Zhang, Cui, Huang et al., In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Clin Infect Dis
Yousefghahari, Navari, Sadeghi, Soleimaniamiri, Soleimaniamiri et al., Risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with rheumatic disease taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, Clin Rheumatol, doi:10.1007/s10067-021-05779-4
Zerbo, Lewis, Fireman, Goddard, Skarbinski et al., Population-based assessment of risks for severe COVID-19 disease outcomes. Influenza Other Respir Viruses
Zhang, Khullar, Wang, Steel, Wu et al., Socioeconomic variation in characteristics, outcomes, and healthcare utilization of COVID-19 patients in New York City, PLoS ONE
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 7, 1]], 'date-time': '2023-07-01T10:18:03Z', 'timestamp': 1688206683656}, 'reference-count': 38, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '4', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 16]], 'date-time': '2021-09-16T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1631750400000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 16]], 'date-time': '2021-09-16T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1631750400000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 12]]}, 'DOI': '10.1007/s40744-021-00373-1', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 16]], 'date-time': '2021-09-16T12:13:30Z', 'timestamp': 1631794410000}, 'page': '1887-1895', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 4, 'title': 'Antirheumatic Drug Intake Influence on Occurrence of COVID-19 Infection in Ambulatory Patients ' 'with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Cohort Study', 'prefix': '10.1007', 'volume': '8', 'author': [ {'given': 'Debellemanière', 'family': 'Guillaume', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Bouvet', 'family': 'Magalie', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Elahi', 'family': 'Sina', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Salah-Mabed', 'family': 'Imène', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Vayr', 'family': 'Frédéric', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Dubois', 'family': 'Mathieu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Muselier', 'family': 'Aurore', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Gozlan', 'family': 'Yoni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Elbaz', 'family': 'Emma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Badatcheff', 'family': 'Charlotte', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Fabre', 'family': 'Laura', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Saad', 'family': 'Alain', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Nahaisi', 'family': 'Steven', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Zeboulon', 'family': 'Pierre', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Febbraro', 'family': 'Jean-Luc', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Courtin', 'family': 'Romain', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Grise-Dulac', 'family': 'Alice', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mazharian', 'family': 'Adrien', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ghazal', 'family': 'Wassim', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Remongin', 'family': 'Pierre-Emmanuel', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Panthier', 'family': 'Christophe', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Chirouze', 'family': 'Catherine', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Bertrand', 'family': 'Kevin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sené', 'family': 'Thomas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Gatinel', 'family': 'Damien', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 16]]}, 'reference': [ { 'issue': '1', 'key': '373_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '16', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41421-020-0156-0', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'J Liu', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Liu J, Cao R, Xu M, Wang X, Zhang H, Hu H, et al. Hydroxychloroquine, a ' 'less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discov. 2020;6(1):16.', 'journal-title': 'Cell Discov'}, { 'issue': '15', 'key': '373_CR2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '732', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa237', 'volume': '71', 'author': 'X Yao', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Yao X, Ye F, Zhang M, Cui C, Huang B, Niu P, et al. In vitro antiviral ' 'activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine ' 'for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ' '(SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):732–9.', 'journal-title': 'Clin Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '373_CR3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '105949', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'P Gautret', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, Mailhe M, et al. ' 'Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results ' 'of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. ' '2020;56(1):105949.', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'key': '373_CR4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '101791', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791', 'volume': '36', 'author': 'J-C Lagier', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Lagier J-C, Million M, Gautret P, Colson P, Cortaredona S, ' 'Giraud-Gatineau A, et al. Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated ' 'with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, ' 'France: a retrospective analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;36:101791.', 'journal-title': 'Travel Med Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '373_CR5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '755', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.26286', 'volume': '93', 'author': 'A Ferreira', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Ferreira A, Oliveira-E-Silva A, Bettencourt P. Chronic treatment with ' 'hydroxychloroquine and SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol. ' '2021;93(2):755–9.', 'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'}, { 'key': '373_CR6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '314', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.035', 'volume': '106', 'author': 'RCS Seet', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Seet RCS, Quek AML, Ooi DSQ, Sengupta S, Lakshminarasappa SR, Koo CY, et ' 'al. Positive impact of oral hydroxychloroquine and povidone-iodine ' 'throat spray for COVID-19 prophylaxis: an open-label randomized trial. ' 'Int J Infect Dis. 2021;106:314–22.', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '24', 'key': '373_CR7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2493', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.8630', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'ES Rosenberg', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Rosenberg ES, Dufort EM, Udo T, Wilberschied LA, Kumar J, Tesoriero J, ' 'et al. Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin ' 'with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York State. ' 'JAMA. 2020;323(24):2493–502.', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '373_CR8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '837', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217566', 'volume': '79', 'author': 'A Mathian', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Mathian A, Mahevas M, Rohmer J, Roumier M, Cohen-Aubart F, ' 'Amador-Borrero B, et al. Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 ' '(COVID-19) in a series of 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ' 'under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine. Ann Rheum Dis. ' '2020;79(6):837–9.', 'journal-title': 'Ann Rheum Dis'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '373_CR9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1386', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217690', 'volume': '79', 'author': 'MF Konig', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Konig MF, Kim AHJ, Scheetz MH, Graef ER, Liew JW, Simard J, et al. ' 'Baseline use of hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus does ' 'not preclude SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. Ann Rheum Dis. ' '2020;79(10):1386–8.', 'journal-title': 'Ann Rheum Dis'}, { 'key': '373_CR10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'E Sbidian', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Sbidian E, Penso L, Herlemont P, Botton J, Baricault B, Semenzato L, et ' 'al. Comment on “Baseline use of hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus ' 'erythematosus does not preclude SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe ' 'COVID-19” by Konig et al. Long-term exposure to hydroxychloroquine or ' 'chloroquine and the risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19: a nationwide, ' 'observational cohort study in 54,873 exposed individuals and 155,689 ' 'matched unexposed individuals in France. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218647.', 'journal-title': 'Ann Rheum Dis', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218647'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '373_CR11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '859', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217871', 'volume': '79', 'author': 'M Gianfrancesco', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Gianfrancesco M, Hyrich KL, Al-Adely S, Carmona L, Danila MI, Gossec L, ' 'et al. Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in ' 'people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global ' 'Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. Ann Rheum Dis. ' '2020;79(7):859–66.', 'journal-title': 'Ann Rheum Dis'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '373_CR12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e19', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30378-7', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'CT Rentsch', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Rentsch CT, DeVito NJ, MacKenna B, Morton CE, Bhaskaran K, Brown JP, et ' 'al. Effect of pre-exposure use of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 ' 'mortality: a population-based cohort study in patients with rheumatoid ' 'arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus using the OpenSAFELY platform. ' 'Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(1):e19-27.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Rheumatol'}, { 'issue': '25', 'key': '373_CR13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2411', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2012410', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'J Geleris', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Geleris J, Sun Y, Platt J, Zucker J, Baldwin M, Hripcsak G, et al. ' 'Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with ' 'Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(25):2411–8.', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '373_CR14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e0251262', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0251262', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'D Sammartino', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Sammartino D, Jafri F, Cook B, La L, Kim H, Cardasis J, et al. ' 'Predictors for inpatient mortality during the first wave of the ' 'SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a retrospective analysis. PLoS ONE. ' '2021;16(5):e0251262.', 'journal-title': 'PLoS ONE'}, { 'key': '373_CR15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'H Gerlovin', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Gerlovin H, Posner DC, Ho Y-L, Rentsch CT, Tate JP, King JT Jr, et al. ' 'Pharmacoepidemiology, machine learning and COVID-19: an intent-to-treat ' 'analysis of hydroxychloroquine, with or without azithromycin, and ' 'COVID-19 outcomes amongst hospitalized US Veterans. Am J Epidemiol. ' '2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab183.', 'journal-title': 'Am J Epidemiol', 'DOI': '10.1093/aje/kwab183'}, { 'issue': '21', 'key': '373_CR16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2041', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2019014', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'AB Cavalcanti', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Cavalcanti AB, Zampieri FG, Rosa RG, Azevedo LCP, Veiga VC, Avezum A, et ' 'al. Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin in mild-to-moderate ' 'Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(21):2041–52.', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '373_CR17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'E693', 'DOI': '10.9778/cmajo.20210069', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'I Schwartz', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Schwartz I, Boesen ME, Cerchiaro G, Doram C, Edwards BD, Ganesh A, et ' 'al. Assessing the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine as ' 'outpatient treatment of COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ ' 'Open. 2021;9(2):E693-702.', 'journal-title': 'CMAJ Open'}, { 'key': '373_CR18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'P Sivapalan', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Sivapalan P, Suppli Ulrik C, Sophie Lapperre T, Dahlin Bojesen R, Eklöf ' 'J, Browatzki A, et al. Azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in ' 'hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19-a randomised ' 'double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Eur Respir J. 2021. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00752-2021.', 'journal-title': 'Eur Respir J', 'DOI': '10.1183/13993003.00752-2021'}, { 'key': '373_CR19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'F Ader', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Ader F, Peiffer-Smadja N, Poissy J, Bouscambert-Duchamp M, Belhadi D, ' 'Diallo A, et al. An open-label randomized controlled trial of the effect ' 'of lopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir plus IFN-β-1a and ' 'hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Clin ' 'Microbiol Infect. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.020.', 'journal-title': 'Clin Microbiol Infect', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.020'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '373_CR20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '9023', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-88509-9', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Á Réa-Neto', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Réa-Neto Á, Bernardelli RS, Câmara BMD, Reese FB, Queiroga MVO, Oliveira ' 'MC. An open-label randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of ' 'chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in severe COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep. ' '2021;11(1):9023.', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '373_CR21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e216468', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.6468', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'G Reis', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Reis G, Moreira Silva EADS, Medeiros Silva DC, Thabane L, Singh G, Park ' 'JJH, et al. Effect of early treatment with hydroxychloroquine or ' 'lopinavir and ritonavir on risk of hospitalization among patients with ' 'COVID-19: the TOGETHER randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. ' '2021;4(4):e216468.', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Netw Open'}, { 'key': '373_CR22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'V Dubée', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Dubée V, Roy P-M, Vielle B, Parot-Schinkel E, Blanchet O, Darsonval A, ' 'et al. Hydroxychloroquine in mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019: ' 'a placebo-controlled double blind trial. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2021.03.005.', 'journal-title': 'Clin Microbiol Infect', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cmi.2021.03.005'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '373_CR23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '235', 'DOI': '10.1080/20477724.2021.1890887', 'volume': '115', 'author': 'LEB Galan', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Galan LEB, Santos NMD, Asato MS, Araújo JV, de Lima MA, Araújo AMM, et ' 'al. Phase 2 randomized study on chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine or ' 'ivermectin in hospitalized patients with severe manifestations of ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pathog Glob Health. 2021;115(4):235–42.', 'journal-title': 'Pathog Glob Health'}, { 'key': '373_CR24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '100773', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100773', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'C Johnston', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Johnston C, Brown ER, Stewart J, Karita HCS, Kissinger PJ, Dwyer J, et ' 'al. Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for treatment of ' 'early SARS-CoV-2 infection among high-risk outpatient adults: a ' 'randomized clinical trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;33:100773.', 'journal-title': 'EClinicalMedicine'}, { 'key': '373_CR25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'AV Hernandez', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Hernandez AV, Ingemi J 3rd, Sherman M, Pasupuleti V, Barboza JJ, Piscoya ' 'A, et al. Impact of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine on people at high ' 'risk of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med Res. ' '2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122609.', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Med Res', 'DOI': '10.3390/jcm10122609'}, { 'key': '373_CR26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'AV Hernandez', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Hernandez AV, Phan MT, Rocco J, Pasupuleti V, Barboza JJ, Piscoya A, et ' 'al. Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine for hospitalized COVID-19 ' 'patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med Res. 2021. ' 'https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112503.', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Med Res', 'DOI': '10.3390/jcm10112503'}, { 'key': '373_CR27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1080/20477724.2021.1936818', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'A Di Castelnuovo', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Cassone A, Cauda R, De Gaetano G, ' 'Iacoviello L. Hydroxychloroquine and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a ' 'systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational studies and ' 'randomized controlled trials. Pathog Glob Health. 2021;15:1–11.', 'journal-title': 'Pathog Glob Health'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '373_CR28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '11974', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-91089-3', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'B Amani', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Amani B, Khanijahani A, Amani B. Hydroxychloroquine plus standard of ' 'care compared with standard of care alone in COVID-19: a meta-analysis ' 'of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):11974.', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '373_CR29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2349', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-021-22446-z', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'C Axfors', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Axfors C, Schmitt AM, Janiaud P, Van’t Hooft J, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdo EF, ' 'et al. Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in ' 'COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized ' 'trials. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):2349.', 'journal-title': 'Nat Commun'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '373_CR30', 'first-page': '93', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'P Eze', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Eze P, Mezue KN, Nduka CU, Obianyo I, Egbuche O. Efficacy and safety of ' 'chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 patients-a ' 'systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am ' 'J Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;11(1):93–107.', 'journal-title': 'Am J Cardiovasc Dis'}, { 'key': '373_CR31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'B Yousefghahari', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Yousefghahari B, Navari S, Sadeghi M, Soleimaniamiri S, Soleimaniamiri ' 'M, Heidari B, et al. Risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with ' 'rheumatic disease taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Clin ' 'Rheumatol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-021-05779-4.', 'journal-title': 'Clin Rheumatol', 'DOI': '10.1007/s10067-021-05779-4'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '373_CR32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'rkab014', 'DOI': '10.1093/rap/rkab014', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'K Pham', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Pham K, Torres H, Satlin MJ, Goyal P, Gulick RM. Failure of chronic ' 'hydroxychloroquine in preventing severe complications of COVID-19 in ' 'patients with rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Adv Pract. ' '2021;5(1):rkab014.', 'journal-title': 'Rheumatol Adv Pract.'}, { 'key': '373_CR33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'R Cordtz', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Cordtz R, Lindhardsen J, Soussi BG, Vela J, Uhrenholt L, Westermann R, ' 'et al. Incidence and severeness of COVID-19 hospitalisation in patients ' 'with inflammatory rheumatic disease: a nationwide cohort study from ' 'Denmark. Rheumatology. 2020. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa897.', 'journal-title': 'Rheumatology', 'DOI': '10.1093/rheumatology/keaa897'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '373_CR34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e0255343', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0255343', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'JE Dalton', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Dalton JE, Gunzler DD, Jain V, Perzynski AT, Dawson NV, Einstadter D, ' 'Tarabichi Y, Imrey PB, Lewis M, Kattan MW, Yao J, Taksler G, Berg KA, ' 'Krieger NI, Kaelber D, Jehi L, Kalra A. Mechanisms of socioeconomic ' 'differences in COVID-19 screening and hospitalizations. PLoS ONE. ' '2021;16(8):e0255343.', 'journal-title': 'PLoS ONE'}, { 'key': '373_CR35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Zerbo O, Lewis N, Fireman B, Goddard K, Skarbinski J, Sejvar JJ, ' 'Azziz-Baumgartner E, Klein NP. Population-based assessment of risks for ' 'severe COVID-19 disease outcomes. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2021.', 'DOI': '10.1111/irv.12901'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '373_CR36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e0255544', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0255544', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'M Sandoval', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Sandoval M, Nguyen DT, Vahidy FS, Graviss EA. Risk factors for severity ' 'of COVID-19 in hospital patients aged 18–29 years. PLoS ONE. ' '2021;16(7):e0255544.', 'journal-title': 'PLoS ONE'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '373_CR37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e0255171', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0255171', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Y Zhang', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Zhang Y, Khullar D, Wang F, Steel P, Wu Y, Orlander D, Weiner M, Kaushal ' 'R. Socioeconomic variation in characteristics, outcomes, and healthcare ' 'utilization of COVID-19 patients in New York City. PLoS ONE. ' '2021;16(7):e0255171.', 'journal-title': 'PLoS ONE'}, { 'key': '373_CR38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '101029', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101029', 'volume': '38', 'author': 'CH Lo', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Lo CH, Nguyen LH, Drew DA, Warner ET, Joshi AD, Graham MS, Anyane-Yeboa ' 'A, Shebl FM, Astley CM, Figueiredo JC, Guo CG, Ma W, Mehta RS, Kwon S, ' 'Song M, Davies R, Capdevila J, Sudre CH, Wolf J, Cozier YC, Rosenberg L, ' 'Wilkens LR, Haiman CA, Marchand LL, Palmer JR, Spector TD, Ourselin S, ' 'Steves CJ, Chan AT, COPE Consortium. Race, ethnicity, community-level ' 'socioeconomic factors, and risk of COVID-19 in the United States and the ' 'United Kingdom. EClinical Medicine. 2021;38:101029.', 'journal-title': 'EClinical Medicine.'}], 'container-title': 'Rheumatology and Therapy', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40744-021-00373-1.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40744-021-00373-1/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40744-021-00373-1.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 11, 6]], 'date-time': '2021-11-06T22:11:29Z', 'timestamp': 1636236689000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40744-021-00373-1'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 16]]}, 'references-count': 38, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '4', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 12]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['373'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40744-021-00373-1', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2198-6576', '2198-6584'], 'subject': ['Immunology and Allergy', 'Rheumatology'], 'container-title-short': 'Rheumatol Ther', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 16]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '14 July 2020', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '6 September 2021', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '16 September 2021', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}]}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit