First COVID-19 wave in the province of Bergamo, Italy: epidemiological and clinical characteristics, outcome and management of the first hospitalized patients

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-02-01T00:38:33Z', 'timestamp': 1706747913159}, 'reference-count': 26, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 31]], 'date-time': '2024-01-31T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1706659200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 31]], 'date-time': '2024-01-31T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1706659200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Northern Italy was the first European country affected by the spread ' 'of the SARS-CoV-2, with the epicenter in the province of Bergamo.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Aim</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>This study aims to analyze the characteristics of patients who ' 'experienced more severe symptoms during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Materials and methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>We retrospectively collected epidemiological and clinical data on ' 'patients with laboratory-confirmed wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to the ' '“ASST Bergamo Ovest” hospital between February 21 and May 31, 2020.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>A total of seven hundred twenty-three inpatients met the eligible ' 'criteria and were included in the study cohort. Among the inpatients who survived, the ' 'average hospital length of stay was more than two weeks, with some lasting up to three ' 'months. Among the 281 non-survivors, death occurred in 50% within five days. Survivors were ' 'those whose first aid operators recorded higher oxygen saturation levels at home. The request ' 'for first aid assistance came more than one week after symptom onset, within three days in ' '10% of cases.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>In similar future scenarios, based on our data, if we aim to enhance ' 'the survival rate, we need to improve the territorial healthcare assistance and admit to ' 'hospitals only those patients who are at risk of severe illness requiring specialized and ' 'urgent interventions within two, three, or, at most, five days from the onset of symptoms. ' 'This implies that the crucial factor is, has been, and will be the ability of a healthcare ' 'system to react promptly in its entirety within a few days.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12879-024-09034-4', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 31]], 'date-time': '2024-01-31T08:03:39Z', 'timestamp': 1706688219000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'First COVID-19 wave in the province of Bergamo, Italy: epidemiological and clinical ' 'characteristics, outcome and management of the first hospitalized patients', 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '24', 'author': [ {'given': 'Bianca Maria', 'family': 'Donida', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Flavia Simonetta', 'family': 'Pirola', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Roberto', 'family': 'Opizzi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Peter', 'family': 'Assembergs', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 31]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '9034_CR1', 'unstructured': 'World Health Organization., «Coronavirus - Situation report 1,» 21 Jan ' '2020. 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All methods were ' 'carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed ' 'consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s) in ' 'accordance with the approved ethical standards for retrospective observational ' 'study without drugs.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethics approval and consent to participate'}}, { 'value': 'Not Applicable.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare no competing interests.', 'order': 4, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '151'}