Characteristics and predictors of death among 4035 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Spain
Juan Berenguer, Pablo Ryan, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Inmaculada Jarrín, Jordi Carratalà, Jerónimo Pachón, María Yllescas, José Ramón Arriba, Esther Aznar Muñoz, Pedro Gil Divasson, Patricia González Muñiz, Clara Muñoz Aguirre, Juan Carlos López, Margarita Ramírez-Schacke, Isabel Gutiérrez, Francisco Tejerina, Teresa Aldámiz-Echevarría, Cristina Díez, Chiara Fanciulli, Leire Pérez-Latorre, Francisco Parras, Pilar Catalán, María E García-Leoni, Isabel Pérez-Tamayo, Luis Puente, Jamil Cedeño, Juan Berenguer, Marta Díaz Menéndez, Fernando De La Calle Prieto, Marta Arsuaga Vicente, Elena Trigo Esteban, Mª Del Mar Lago Núñez, Rosa De Miguel Buckley, Julen Cadiñaños Loidi, Carmen Busca Arenzana, Alfredo Mican, Marta Mora Rillo, Juan Carlos Ramos Ramos, Belén Loeches Yagüe, José Ignacio Bernardino De La Serna, Julio García Rodríguez, José Ramón Arribas López, Ana Such Diaz, Elena Álvaro Alonso, Elsa Izquierdo García, Juan Torres Macho, Guillermo Cuevas Tascon, Jesús Troya García, Beatriz Mestre Gómez, Eva Jiménez González De Buitrago, Inés Fernández Jiménez, Ana Josefa Tebar Martínez, Fátima Brañas Baztán, Jorge Valencia De La Rosa, Mario Pérez Butragueño, Marta Alvarado Blasco, Pablo Ryan, Mª Antonia Sepúlveda Berrocal, Carmen Yera Bergua, Pilar Toledano Sierra, Verónica Cano Llorente, Sadaf Zafar Iqubal-Mirza, Gema Muñiz, Inmaculada Martín Pérez, Helena Mozas Moriñigo, Ana Alguacil, María Paz García Butenegro, Ana Isabel Peláez Ballesta, Elena Morcillo Rodríguez, Josune Goikoetxea Agirre, María José Blanco Vidal, Javier Nieto Arana, Mikel Del Álamo Martínez De Lagos, Isabel A Pérez Hernández, Inés Pérez Zapata, Rafael Silvariño Fernández, Jon Ugalde Espiñeira, Víctor Asensi Álvarez, Lucia Suárez Pérez, Silvia Suárez Diaz, Carmen Yllera Gutiérrez, Vicente Boix, Marcos Díez Martínez, Melissa Carreres Candela, Cristina Gómez-Ayerbe, Javier Sánchez-Lora, José Luis Velasco Garrido, María López-Jódar, Jesús Santos González, Jesús Ruiz Aragón, Ianire Virto Peña, Vanessa Alende Castro, Ruth Brea Aparicio, Sonia Vega Molpeceres, Estel Pons Viñas, Oscar Del Río Pérez, Silvia Valero Rovira, Judit Villar-García, Joan Gómez-Junyent, Hernando Knobel, María Cecilia Cánepa, Silvia Castañeda Espinosa, Luisa Sorli Redò, Roberto Güerri-Fernández, María Milagro Montero, Juan Pablo Horcajada, Elisa García Vázquez, Encarnación Moral Escudero, Alicia Hernández Torres, Esther García Almodóvar, Carmen Sáez Barberá, Zineb Karroud, José Hernández Quero, David Vinuesa García, José Luis García Fogeda, José Antonio Peregrina, María Novella Mena, Cristina Hernández Gutiérrez, José Sanz Moreno, Ramón Pérez Tanoira, Rodrigo Sierra Rodríguez, David Alonso Menchén, Aida Gutiérrez García, Alberto Arranz Caso, Juan Cuadros González, Melchor Álvarez De Mon Soto, Vicente Ferrer Díaz De Brito Fernández, Montserrat Sanmarti Vilamala, Aina Gabarrell Pascuet, Daniel Molina Morant, Sergio España Cueto, Jonathan Cámara Fernández, Albert Sabater Gil, Laura Muñoz López, Paula Sáez Escolano, Esperanza Bejarano Tello, Marco Antonio Sempere Alcocer, Salvador Álvarez Martin, Ignacio De Los Santos Gil, Lucio García-Fraile, Miguel Sampedro Núñez, Ana Barrios Blandino, Carlos Rodríguez Franco, Daniel Useros Brañas, Almudena Villa Martí, Javier Oliver Ortega, Alexia Costanza Espiño Álvarez, Jesús Sanz Sanz, María Rexach Fumaña, Ivette Abascal Cambras, Ana Del Cielo Pérez Jaén, Clara Sala Jofre, Susana Casas Rodríguez, Cecilia Tortajada Alamilla, Carmina Oltra, Mar Masiá Canuto, Félix Gutiérrez Rodero, Ana Ferrer Ribera, Carlos Bea Serrano, Miguel Pedromingo Kus, María Ángeles Garcinuño, Silvana Fiorante, Sergio Pérez Pinto, Pilar Hernández Machín, Alba Alastrué Violeta, María Carmen Fariñas Álvarez, Claudia González Rico, Francisco Arnaiz De Las Revillas, Jorge Calvo, Mónica Gozalo, Francisco Mora Gómez, Ana Milagro Beamonte, Miriam Latorre-Millán, Antonio Rezusta López, Ana Martínez Sapiña, Yolanda Meije, Alejandra Duarte Borges, Julia Pareja Coca, Mercedes Clemente Presas, Juan Emilio Losa García, Ana Vegas Serrano, M Teresa Pérez-Rodríguez, Alexandre Pérez González, Moncef Belhassen-García, Beatriz Rodríguez-Alonso, Amparo López-Bernus, Cristina Carbonell, Rafael Torres Perea, Juan Cantón De Seoane, Blanca Alonso, Sara Lidia Kamal, Lucia Cajuela, David Roa, Miguel Cervero, Alberto Oreja, Juan Pablo Avilés, Lidia Martín, Iván Pelegrín Senent, Rosana Rouco Esteves Marques, Jorge Parra Ruiz, Violeta Ramos Sesma, Jessica Abadia Otero, Juan Salillas Hernando, Robert Torres Sánchez Del Arco, Miguel Torralba González De Suso, Alberto Serrano Martínez, Sergio Gilaberte Reyzábal, Marina Pacheco Martínez-Atienza, Mónica Liébana Gómez, Sara Fernández Rodríguez, Álvaro Varela Plaza, Henar Calvo Sánchez, Patricia Martínez Martín, Patricia González- Ruano, Eduardo Malmierca Corral, Isabel Rábago Lorite, Beatriz Pérez-Monte Mínguez, Ángeles García Flores, Pere Comas Casanova, Merce Sirisi, Richard Rojas, José Luis Díaz De Tuesta Del Arco, Ruth Figueroa Cerón, Ander González Sarria, Remedios Alemán Valls, María Del Mar Alonso Socas, Oscar Sanz Peláez, Karim Mohamed Ramírez, Melchor Riera Jaume, Helem Haydee Vilchez, Francesc Albertí, Ana Isabel Cañabate, Víctor J Moreno Cuerda, Silvia Álvarez Kaelis, Beatriz Álvarez Zapatero, Alejandro García García, Elena Isaba Ares, Covadonga Morcate Fernández, Andrea Pérez Rodríguez, Lucía Ramos Merino, Laura Castelo Corral, María Rodríguez Mahía, Mónica González Bardanca, Efrén Sánchez Vidal, Enrique Míguez Rey, Javier De La Torre Lima, José Mª García De Lomas Guerrero, Elena Morte, Silvia Loscos, Ana Camón
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.024
Objectives: To analyse the characteristics and predictors of death in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Spain. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed of the first consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 confirmed by real-time PCR assay in 127 Spanish centres until 17 March 2020. The follow-up censoring date was 17 April 2020. We collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment and complications data. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with death. Results: Of the 4035 patients, male subjects accounted for 2433 (61.0%) of 3987, the median age was 70 years and 2539 (73.8%) of 3439 had one or more comorbidity. The most common symptoms were a history of fever, cough, malaise and dyspnoea. During hospitalization, 1255 (31.5%) of 3979 patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, 736 (18.5%) of 3988 were admitted to intensive care units and 619 (15.5%) of 3992 underwent mechanical ventilation. Virus-or host-targeted medications included lopinavir/ritonavir (2820/4005, 70.4%), hydroxychloroquine (2618/3995, 65.5%), interferon beta (1153/ 3950, 29.2%), corticosteroids (1109/3965, 28.0%) and tocilizumab (373/3951, 9.4%). Overall, 1131 (28%) of 4035 patients died. Mortality increased with age (85.6% occurring in older than 65 years). Seventeen factors were independently associated with an increased hazard of death, the strongest among them including advanced age, liver cirrhosis, low age-adjusted oxygen saturation, higher concentrations of Creactive protein and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions: Our findings provide comprehensive information about characteristics and complications of severe COVID-19, and may help clinicians identify patients at a higher risk of death.
Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.024.
References
Abelenda-Alonso, Ardanuy, Bergas, None
Abella V Azquez, None
Acedo, None
Acosta, None
Aguirre, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara ñ on: L opez
Alba Fern Andez, None
Albertí, None
Ald Amiz-Echevarría, None
Alejos, Moreno, Rava, Iniesta, None
Almendro, Carlos, Hospital Virgen del Puerto: Muñoz del Rey
Alonso, Kamal, Lidia, None
Alonso, None
Alonso-Vega, None
Alvarez, Fern Andez Roblas, None
Alvarez, Saiz, None
Amador, None
Andez, None
Aparicio, Hospital de Figueres: Vega Molpeceres
Aranega, De Pal, Savall, Roca, Le On et al., am os: Mera Fidalgo
Arenzana, None
Arias, Es, None
Arostegui, Asier, Hospital de Mendaro: Alvarez de Castro
Arribas L Opez, On, Hospital Infanta Leonor: Such Diaz
Arribas, Nuria, None
Barrio L Opez, Villarreal García-Lomas, Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena: Vizcaíno Callej on
Berenguer, Hospital Universitario La Paz:Díaz Men endez
Blanco Ramos, Azcona Guti Errez, García, García, Concepci on
Blandino, None
Borges, Coca, None
Bravo-Ferrer, None
Brañas, Daniel, None
Butenegro, Paz, Hospital, Rafael, Pel Aez Ballesta et al., Hospital Universitario de Cruces: Goikoetxea Agirre
Buznego, Fundaci on Hospital de Calahorra: Talavera García
Cajuela, None
Calvo, Gozalo, Onica, Hospital Quiron-Salud de Torrevieja: Mora G omez
Campmany, Mireia, None
Campo, Cant On, Moreno, Hospital Universitario San Pedro: Oteo Revuelta Jos e, Antonio; Santib añez S aenz
Cano Llorente, Ver Onica; Zafar Iqubal-Mirza, Muñiz, None
Carbonell, Universitario, Ochoa ; Torres, Perea, Cant On De Seoane, None
Castro Hern Andez, An, Hospital Universitario del Vinalop o: Hern andez Belmonte, Adriana; Martínez Goñi, Raquel
Cañabate, Isabel, Víctor, Alvarez Kaelis, Zapatero et al., Hospital Universitario de M ostoles: Moreno Cuerda
Cervero, None
Chen, Wu, Chen, Yang, Chen, Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study, BMJ
Chen, Zhou, Dong, Qu, Gong et al., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, Lancet
Chumillas, Hospital Universitario los Arcos del Mar Menor: S anchez Serrano
Cifre, None
Cilleros, Villasante, de la Puente
Cintas, Martínez, Fern Andez-Gonz Alez, Alc antara Nicol as
Claramunt, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil: Tosco Núñez, Tom as
Clemente, Iv An; Quijano, Contreras, Isabel, None
Contreras, None
Cordero-Matía, None
Correa, De, Montiel, None
Cosp, Xavier, Selma, None
Cuervo, Domínguez, Angeles; Fern Andez-Huerta, None
Cueto, Sergio, Amara Fern Andez, None
Cuevas Tascon, None
Cummings, Baldwin, Abrams, Jacobson, Meyer et al., Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study, Lancet
De La Calle, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío
De La Mora, None
De La Torre, None
De, Buckley, None
De, Estudio Nacional de Sero-Epidemiología de la Infecci on por SARS-Cov-2 en España
De, Soto, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D eu: Díaz de Brito Fern andez
Delange, None
Divasson, Gonz Alez Muñiz, None
Docherty, Harrison, Green, Hardwick, Pius et al., Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study, BMJ
Dominguez, Jos E, None
Domínguez De Pablos, Hospital Universitario de Ja en: Rold an Fontana
Díaz, None
Díez, Fanciulli, Chiara, Erez-Latorre, None
Eguizabal, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante: Delgado S anchez
Escoresca, Alvez-Benítez, None
Escudero, Encarnaci On; Hern Andez Torres, Hospital de Can Misses: García Almod ovar, Esther. Hospital de Sagunto
Espinosa, Sorli, None
Espiñeira, Su Arez Diaz, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias: Asensi Alvarez
Esteves Marques, Hospital HLA Inmaculada: Parra Ruiz, Jorge
Estrada Fern Andez, None
Fa, Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-Creactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a metaanalysis, J Med Virol,
doi:10.1002/jmv.25819Ferri, María, Hospital de la Marina Baixa: Algado Rabasa
Fig, None
Figueroa Cer On, Sarria, Ander, Hospital Universitario de Canarias: Alem an Valls
Foz, None
Frades, None
Franco, Delgado-Iribarren, Alonso, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau: L opez-Contreras Gonz alez
Franco, None
Franco, None
Fundaci On, Muñoz, None
Garcinuño, Angeles; Fiorante, Silvana, Pinto, Hospital Comarcal de Alca ñiz: Hern andez Machín, Pilar; Alastru e Violeta, Alba. Hospital Universitario Marqu es de Valdecilla: Fariñas Alvarez, María Carmen; Gonz alez Rico, Claudia; Arnaiz de las Revillas
García García, Santa, Constanza, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol: Mariño Callejo, Ana; Valcarce Pardeiro
García, Fogeda, Luis, None
García, Marzo, None
García, None
García, None
García, Nuria, None
Gartzia, Hospital General de la Defensa G omez Ulla: Membrillo de Novales
Gil, None
Gioia, None
Gonz Alez Bardanca, Vidal, En, None
Gonz Alez, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real: Ruiz Arag on
Gonz Alez, None
Gonz Alez, Zamudio, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología: Jarrín, Inmaculada
Goyal, Choi, Pinheiro, Schenck, Chen et al., Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in New York city, N Engl J Med
Grasselli, Zangrillo, Zanella, Antonelli, Cabrini et al., Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region, Italy, JAMA
Guan, Ni, Hu, Liang, Ou et al., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, N Engl J Med
Gudiol, None
Guti Errez, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante
Guti Errez, Jesús; Hern An, García, Hospital Clínico San Carlos: Gonz alez-Romo
Harris, Taylor, Thielke, Payne, Gonzalez et al., Research electronic data capture (REDCap)da metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support, J Biomed Inform
Hern Aez Crespo, None
Hern Andez Carballo, Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe: Ruiz Fern andez
Hern Andez, None
Hernando, None
Huang, Fu, Huang, Huang, Prognostic value of neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio in sepsis: a metaanalysis, Am J Emerg Med
Huang, Wang, Li, Ren, Zhao et al., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, Lancet
Ibarra Cucal On, Valvanera, None
Infante, None
Isbert, García, Grange, Blasi, Sicilia et al., None
Izquierdo, Su Arez-García, Díaz, Asunci on; Ruiz-Alguero
Jord An, None
Karroud, Clínico San Cecilio ; Quero, None
Kass, Duggal, Cingolani, Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages, Lancet
Klein, Flanagan, Sex differences in immune responses, Nat Rev Immunol
Kuderer, Choueiri, Shah, Shyr, Rubinstein et al., Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study, Lancet
Kwong, Campitelli, Rosella, Obesity and respiratory hospitalizations during influenza seasons in Ontario, Canada: a cohort study, Clin Infect Dis
Larrosa, None
Leal, Crist Obal Manuel, María, Su Arez Gil, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti: Romay Lema
Liang, Guan, Li, Li, Liang et al., Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 treated in Hubei (epicenter) and outside Hubei (non-epicenter): a nationwide analysis of China, Eur Respir J
Lighter, Phillips, Hochman, Sterling, Johnson et al., Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for COVID-19 hospital admission, Clin Infect Dis
Liu, Du, Chen, Jin, Peng et al., Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, J Infect
Loidi, None
Lor En, Vargas, None
Lorenzo-Esteller, Laia; Niub O, Jordi, Erez-Recio, None
Loscos, Cam On, Hospital Mutua de Terrassa: G omez García
Macho, None
Mancebo Cort Es, Ferrer, Merc E ;, Clínica Universitaria de NavarraeCampus Madrid: Iñigo Pestaña, Melania; P erez García
Marcos, Angeles; Mosquera, Mar, Blanco, Laguno, None
Martin, Salvador, -Fraile, Núñez, Hospital La Princesa
Martinich, David, Barr Os Gonz Alez, Galindo Martín, Ar Anzazu, None
Martín P Erez, Moriñigo, Alguacil, None
Martín, Hospital CIMA-Sanitas: Pelegrín Senent
Martín, None
Martínez Avil Es, None
Martínez Sapiña, Scias, Hospital de Barcelona
Martínez, Candela, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria: G omez-Ayerbe
Martínez, None
Martínez, None
Martínez, None
Martínez-Atienza, Li Ebana G Omez, Onica; Fern Andez Rodríguez, Varela Plaza, Calvo S Anchez et al., Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía: Martínez Martín
Mateu, María, Beamud, Hospital Juan Ram on Jim enez: Rodríguez G omez
Mench En, García, Caso, Alez, None
Mestre G Omez, Jim Enez Gonz Alez De Buitrago, Andez, Martínez, Josefa et al., Brañas Bazt an
Miarons, Sellar Es, None
Mican, Rillo, None
Montero, María, Horcajada, Pablo, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca: García V azquez
Morant, Daniel, None
Morcate Fern Andez, Covadonga, Erez Rodríguez, Mahía, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coru ña: Ramos Merino, Lucía; Castelo Corral
Muñoz L Opez, Hospital Nuestra Se ñora de Gracia: S aez Escolano
Muñoz, Jos E María, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid: Fern andez Espinilla
Navarro S Aez, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona
Navarro, None
Nieto Arana, Del, Martínez De Lagos, Mikel, Erez Hern Andez et al., Hospital de Melilla
Nieto, Del Campo, Alberto, Jim, Alvarez, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Santa Lucía: Guillam on S anchez
Norman, None
Núñez, Del Mar, None
Oltra, Mar, Guti Errez Rodero, Elix, Hospital General Universitario de Elche: Masi a Canuto
Opez-Cort Es, Sojo, Jesús, Guti Errez-Guti Errez, None, Bel en
Oreja, Avil Es, Pablo, None
Orgolas Hern Andez-Mora, None
Ortega, Costanza, Alvarez, Sanz, Josep Trueta ; Rexach Fumaña et al., Hospital Dos de Maig
Pacheco, None
Palacios, ; P Erez-Palacios, Peral, De Le On, Antonio, None
Palop, Dietl, Omez-Luengo, Hospital de la Plana: Pedrola Gorrea
Pardo, None
Pardo, None
Parras, Catal An, García-Leoni, ; P Erez-Tamayo, None
Pedroche, Hospital Universitario de Getafe: Alvarez Franco, Raquel ; Fern andez de Orueta
Pedrol, None
Peinado, Hospital de Guadarrama: Caro Bragado
Peraza, None
Peregrina, Antonio, María; Hern Andez Guti Errez, Moreno, Tanoira et al., Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias: Novella Mena
Pereiro, Juan; Almirante, None
Peña, EOXI Pontevedra e Saln es: Alende Castro
Piñero, Hospital, Bierzo, Carrasco, None
Podzamczer, Pujol, Rombauts, None
Praena, None
Presas, Fundaci on Hospital Universitario Alcorc on: Losa García
Prieto P Erez, None
Prous, Concepci On, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena: Baño, Jesús Rodriguez
Puente, Cedeño, None
Ramos, Carlos, None
Ramírez-Schacke, Guti Errez, Tejerina, None
Retamar, None
Rey, Hospital Costa del Sol: De
Rezusta L Opez, None
Richardson, Hirsch, Narasimhan, Crawford, Mcginn et al., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area, JAMA
Rico Rodríguez, Vega Baja, Jara, Anchez Arenas, Carmen et al., Llenas García
Rife, María, None
Rivera, Hospital Riotinto
Roa, None
Robledo Del Prado, None
Roca, None
Rodríguez, Angel; Canut, Blasco, Es, None
Rodríguez, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Lliria: Tortajada Alamilla
Rodríguez, Hospital Vall d'Hebr on: S anchez Montalv a, Adri an
Rodríguez, Hospital de Matar o: Force Sanmartín
Rodríguez, Jos E, None
Rodríguez, None
Rodríguez-Alonso, Opez-Bernus, None
Rojas, Gonz Alez-Cord On, Inciarte, None
Rojas, Hospital Universitario Basurto: Díaz de Tuesta del Arco
Rovira, Silvia, Knobel, Hospital del Mar: Villar-García, Judit; G omez
Rubio, Hospital General de la Palma: Barbosa Ventura, Andr e
Rubio, None
Rueda L Opez, None
Ryan, Sierra, Complejo Hospitalario Virgen de la Salud: Sepúlveda Berrocal, Mª Antonia; Yera Bergua
S Anchez-G Omez, Jesús; Marín-Barrera, Enez, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge: Carratal a
S Anchez-Lora, None
Sacrist An, Hospital Quir on A Coru ña: Meijide Míguez
Saiz, María, None
Salamanca, None
Salamanca, Su Arez-Benjumea, Hospital Universitario Ram on y Cajal: Vizcarra, Pilar; Quereda
Sanjuan, None
Santalla, Jesús, Hospital Universitario del Henares: Mao Martín Laura
Sarasola, García, Saracho, None
Schiffrin, Flack, Ito, Muntner, Webb, Hypertension and COVID-19, Am J Hypertens
Serrano, Complejo Asistencial de Avila: Pedromingo Kus
Sesma, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega: Abadia Otero, Jessica
Sim On Sacrist An, None
Simonnet, Chetboun, Poissy, Raverdy, Noulette et al., High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, Silver Spring
Singh, Khan, Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with pre-existing liver disease in United States: a multi-center research network study, Gastroenterology,
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.064Socas, Del Mar, Sanz Pel Aez, Ramírez, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrín
Solchaga, None
Soriano, Olalla, Erez Doñate, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera: Martínez Macias
Subero, Hospital, Deba, None
Tejada, Giorgiana, Hospital Doce de Octubre: Fern andez-Ruiz, Mario; Aguado, Jos e María
Tello, HC Marbella Internacional Hospital: Sempere Alcocer
Tello, Urkola, Hospital de Urduliz Alfredo Espinosa: García G omez
Torres, Del Arco, Gonz Alez De Suso, None
Torres, None
Trullen, Hospital Universitario y Polit ecnico la Fe: Salavert Lletí
Univariable, A) and multivariable (B) Cox proportional hazards model of variables associated with death. CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
V Azquez Comendador, Manuel, Yagüe, Palomo, None
Valcarce Gonz Alez, Hospital, Reyes ; Arenal Andr Es, Tarazona, Elisa et al., None
Valiente, On, None
Vates G Omez, None
Vegas, Serrano, Hospital, Cunqueiro, Erez-Rodríguez et al., Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca: Belhassen-García
Velasco Garrido, Luis, Odar, None
Velasco, Virginia, Agreda, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela: Barbeito Castiñeiras
Vicente, Trigo Esteban, None
Vidal, Jos E, None
Vila-Cora, Opez Tiz On, Ramírez-Olivencia, Germ An; Est Ebanez Muñoz, Arr Oniz et al., Hospital Universitario de Alava: S aez de Adana
Vilamala, Montserrat; Gabarrell, Pascuet, None
Villa Martí, None
Villalba, Pilar, Hospital HLA Universitario Moncloa: Jim enez Martínez
Villamarín, Fern Andez, Nuria, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos: P erez-Jorge Peremarch
Villares Fern Andez, Montes Andújar, Francesc De Borja ; Navarro, Batet, Santolaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Nuestra Se ñora de La Candelaria: Padilla Salazar, María de la Luz
Viñas, Hospital Sant Jaume de Calella: del Río P erez, Oscar
Viñas, Sanchi, narro: Men endez
Wadhera, Wadhera, Gaba, Figueroa, Maddox et al., Variation in COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths across New York City boroughs, JAMA
Yagüe, Jos E Ignacio, Bernardino de la Serna
Yang, Yu, Xu, Shu, Xia et al., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a singlecentered, retrospective, observational study, Lancet Respir Med
Young, Ong, Kalimuddin, Low, Tan et al., Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore, JAMA
Zapata, None
Zhou, Yang, Wang, Hu, Zhang et al., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin, Nature
Zhou, Yu, Du, Fan, Liu et al., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study, Lancet
