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0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Mortality -52% Improvement Relative Risk c19hcq.org Alhamlan et al. HCQ for COVID-19 LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective study in Saudi Arabia Higher mortality with HCQ (not stat. sig., p=0.58) Alhamlan et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.07.13.21260428 Favors HCQ Favors control
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics in Individuals with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Alhamlan et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.07.13.21260428 (Preprint)
Alhamlan et al., Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics in Individuals with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Early.., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.07.13.21260428 (Preprint)
Jul 2021   Source   PDF  
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Retrospective hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia showing higher mortality with most treatments although not reaching statistical significance. Confounding by indication, time, or other factors is likely (a 19x higher risk with lopinavir/ritonavir and 3.5x higher risk with azithromycin is not supported by other studies for example). The number of patients treated with HCQ is not provided. This study is excluded in the after exclusion results of meta analysis: substantial unadjusted confounding by indication likely; substantial confounding by time likely due to declining usage over the early stages of the pandemic when overall treatment protocols improved dramatically.
risk of death, 52.0% higher, HR 1.52, p = 0.57.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Alhamlan et al., 16 Jul 2021, retrospective, database analysis, Saudi Arabia, preprint, 10 authors.
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Abstract: medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.13.21260428; this version posted July 16, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license . Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics in Individuals with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia Fatimah S. Alhamlan1,2,3*, Reem S. Almaghrabi4, Edward B. Devol5, Anwar B. Alotaibi5, Saleh M. Alageel5, Dalia A. Obeid1,6, Basem M. Alraddadi7, Sahar I. Althawadi3, Maysoon S. Mutabagani3, Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani1,2 1 Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 4 Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 5 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 6 National Health laboratory, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 7 Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2 Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Epidemiology, COVID-19 Treatment Regimens *Corresponding author. Fatimah S. Alhamlan Tel.: 966 11 442 4365, Fax: 966 11 442 4519. Email address: falhamlan@kfshrc.edu.sa 1 NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice. medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.13.21260428; this version posted July 16, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Abstract 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Soon after the novel corona virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, its transmission from human to human established a foothold worldwide [1, 2]. In Saudi Arabia, the first case of a SARS-CoV-2– infected person was reported on March 2, 2020, a Saudi national who had returned to the country from Iran [3]. As of July 11, 2021, there have been over 500,000 confirmed cases, 481,241 recovered cases, and 7963 deaths in Saudi Arabia [4]. The number of confirmed positive cases had been escalating until now, July 2021, despite the country’s strict control measures. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the catastrophic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. This study aimed to provide epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia and to determine whether characteristic profiles differ between patients who are symptomatic vs. asymptomatic for the disease. The first 492 consecutive patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Saudi Arabia between March and September 2020..
Late treatment
is less effective
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