Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Abstract
All HCQ studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19hcq.org COVID-19 treatment researchHCQHCQ (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as potential treatments for COVID-19; clinical status impacts the outcome

Okour et al., Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, May 13, 2020, doi:10.1007/s10928-020-09689-x
May 2020  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020
 
*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 417 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,800+ studies for 102 treatments. c19hcq.org
Odds of PCR-positive decrease by 53% for each unit increase in HCQ log-concentration. Similarly, the odds decrease by 61%, and by 12% for each day increase, and for azithromycin co-treatment, respectively. Computes the minimum HCQ concentration needed based on severity, and corresponding dosage regimens. A loading dose is found to be important. For LRTI and URTI patients the addition of AZ is needed. Extended analysis of Gautret et al. using the observed HCQ concentrations and pharmacokinetic analysis to compute concentrations for all days.
Okour et al., 13 May 2020, peer-reviewed, 3 authors.
This PaperHCQAll
Abstract: Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics https://doi.org/10.1007/s10928-020-09689-x (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) COMMENTARY Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as potential treatments for COVID-19; clinical status impacts the outcome Malek Okour1 • Mahmoud Al-Kofahi2 • Daren Austin3 Received: 27 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 In March 2020, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin were tested as potential treatments for COVID19 pandemic, in an open label non-randomized clinical trial [1]. Data were collected from 36 confirmed COVID-19 patients after receiving no treatment (n = 16) or 200 mg q8h of HCQ with (n = 6) or without (n = 14) azithromycin depending on clinical status. Collected data over six days included one HCQ concentration per patient; respiratory viral loads (PCR assay); azithromycin co-treatment; and clinical status among other variables. Using observed HCQ concentrations and basic pharmacokinetic equations, it was possible to calculate missing concentrations at all days for all patients (Supplementary Fig. S1). Daily viral load, presented as PCR threshold cycle (CT), was converted into a dichotomous variable (positivePCR or negative-PCR). A logistic regression evaluated whether HCQ concentrations, azithromycin co-treatment (yes/no), clinical status (asymptomatic, upper or lower respiratory tract infection [URTI or LRTI]), time (day 0–6), and other covariates (age, sex) were associated with response (positive-PCR outcome). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10928-020-09689-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Malek Okour malek.x.okour@gsk.com Mahmoud Al-Kofahi malkofah@umn.edu Daren Austin daren.j.austin@gsk.com 1 GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA 2 College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA 3 GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK Model evaluation and selection was performed based on statistical significance (p-value B 0.05) and diagnostic plots (Supplementary Figs. S2, S3). The final model contained HCQ log-concentrations (ng/ml), azithromycin cotreatment, clinical status, and day as statistically significant covariates (Figs. 1 and S4). Results showed that the odds of positive-PCR decrease by 53% for each unit increase in HCQ log-concentration. Similarly, the odds decrease by 61%, and by 12% for each day increase, and for azithromycin co-treatment, respectively. Whereas the odds of positive-PCR increase by 99.4 folds and 212 folds for having URTI and LRTI versus being asymptomatic subject. Using the model, minimum HCQ concentrations to achieve [ 50% probability of negative-PCR on day 3 were calculated, with or without azithromycin, for the clinical statuses. A minimum HCQ concentration (ng/ml) of 8103 (without azithromycin) and 282 (with azithromycin) are needed in subjects with LRTI. A minimum HCQ concentration (ng/ml) of 2441 (without azithromycin) and 83.9 (with azithromycin) are needed in subjects with URTI. Asymptomatic patients require minimal HCQ concentrations (\ 2 ng/ml) regardless of azithromycin co-treatment. Next, HCQ population PK model [2] was used to simulate dosing regimens needed to achieve targeted HCQ concentrations. Simulations showed that when HCQ is coadministered with azithromycin, a loading dose is critical in rapid achievement of targeted concentrations. The suggested..
{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 12, 27]], 'date-time': '2023-12-27T06:00:43Z', 'timestamp': 1703656843769}, 'reference-count': 2, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '3', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 13]], 'date-time': '2020-05-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1589328000000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springer.com/tdm'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 13]], 'date-time': '2020-05-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1589328000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.springer.com/tdm'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 6]]}, 'DOI': '10.1007/s10928-020-09689-x', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 13]], 'date-time': '2020-05-13T11:02:28Z', 'timestamp': 1589367748000}, 'page': '187-188', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 15, 'title': 'Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as potential treatments for COVID-19; clinical status ' 'impacts the outcome', 'prefix': '10.1007', 'volume': '47', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-4989', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Malek', 'family': 'Okour', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mahmoud', 'family': 'Al-Kofahi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Daren', 'family': 'Austin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 13]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '9689_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '20', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949:105949', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'P Gautret', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, Mailhe M et al ' '(2020) Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: ' 'results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob ' 'Agents 20:20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949:105949', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '9689_CR2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1468', 'DOI': '10.1128/AAC.00339-08', 'volume': '53', 'author': 'HS Lim', 'year': '2009', 'unstructured': 'Lim HS, Im JS, Cho JY, Bae KS, Klein TA, Yeom JS, Kim TS, Choi JS, Jang ' 'IJ, Park JW (2009) Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine and its ' 'clinical implications in chemoprophylaxis against malaria caused by ' 'Plasmodium vivax. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53(4):1468–1475', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob Agents Chemother'}], 'container-title': 'Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10928-020-09689-x.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10928-020-09689-x/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10928-020-09689-x.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 5, 12]], 'date-time': '2021-05-12T23:24:36Z', 'timestamp': 1620861876000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10928-020-09689-x'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 13]]}, 'references-count': 2, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '3', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 6]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['9689'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10928-020-09689-x', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1567-567X', '1573-8744'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 5, 13]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '27 April 2020', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '4 May 2020', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '13 May 2020', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': 'This content has been made available to all.', 'name': 'free', 'label': 'Free to read'}]}
Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit