0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Gautret 66% 0.34 [0.17-0.68] viral+ 6/20 14/16 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Huang (ES) 59% 0.41 [0.26-0.64] viral time 32 (n) 37 (n) Hong 65% 0.35 [0.13-0.72] viral+ 42 (n) 48 (n) Simova 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.71] viral+ 0/33 3/5 Omrani (RCT) -10% 1.10 [0.97-1.25] viral+ 223/295 98/143 Su 36% 0.64 [0.49-0.83] viral+ n/a n/a Sobngwi (RCT) 3% 0.97 [0.65-1.44] viral+ 32/95 32/92 Rodrigues (RCT) 14% 0.86 [0.71-1.03] viral+ 29/36 32/34 Atipornwan.. (RCT) 43% 0.57 [0.33-0.98] viral time 30 (n) 30 (n) Rouamba (ES) 21% 0.79 [0.45-1.27] viral+ 399 (n) 33 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.12, I​2​ = 82.6%, p = 0.0014 Early treatment 35% 0.65 [0.49-0.84] 290/982 179/438 35% lower risk Xia 38% 0.62 [0.32-1.22] viral+ 5/10 12/15 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Chen (RCT) -100% 2.00 [0.20-19.8] viral+ 2/15 1/15 Zhong Nanshan (钟.. 80% 0.20 [0.08-0.52] viral+ 5/115 17/82 Tang (RCT) 21% 0.79 [0.38-1.62] viral+ 11/75 14/75 Mallat -203% 3.03 [1.11-7.69] viral time 23 (n) 11 (n) Shabrawishi 15% 0.85 [0.45-1.62] viral+ 12/45 15/48 Kim 56% 0.44 [0.25-0.78] viral time 22 (n) 40 (n) Hraiech (ICU) -3% 1.03 [0.70-1.51] viral+ 14/17 8/10 Huang 67% 0.33 [0.19-0.57] viral time 197 (n) 176 (n) Chen (RCT) 71% 0.29 [0.14-0.57] viral time 18 (n) 12 (n) Komissarov -25% 1.25 [0.71-2.21] viral load 26 (n) 10 (n) An 3% 0.97 [0.57-1.67] viral+ 31 (n) 195 (n) Chen -29% 1.29 [0.58-2.86] viral+ 16/28 4/9 Chen (RCT) 24% 0.76 [0.20-2.84] viral+ 4/21 3/12 Lecronier (ICU) 15% 0.85 [0.62-1.17] viral+ 19/26 12/14 Novartis (RCT) -79% 1.79 [0.55-5.76] viral+ 5/7 2/5 Kamran 26% 0.74 [0.63-0.89] viral+ 349/349 151/151 Saleemi -21% 1.21 [1.00-1.46] viral time 65 (n) 20 (n) Ader (RCT) 24% 0.76 [0.21-2.59] viral+ 4/83 5/81 Choi -22% 1.22 [1.10-1.35] viral time 701 (n) 701 (n) Niwas -183% 2.83 [0.29-27.8] viral+ 2/12 1/17 Johnston (RCT) 38% 0.62 [0.38-0.99] viral+ 6/49 12/52 Li -40% 1.40 [0.99-1.98] viral time 18 (n) 19 (n) Purwati (RCT) 66% 0.34 [0.26-0.44] viral+ 38/121 111/119 TOGETHER Reis (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.91-1.01] viral+ 97/185 102/179 FACCT Bosaeed (RCT) 3% 0.97 [0.86-1.10] viral+ 100/125 106/129 Byakika-Ki.. (RCT) 29% 0.71 [0.28-1.78] viral+ 15 (n) 15 (n) Uygen 12% 0.88 [0.77-1.00] viral time 15 (n) 25 (n) Babalola (RCT) 10% 0.90 [0.63-1.30] viral+ 19/30 21/30 Atipornwan.. (RCT) 7% 0.93 [0.75-1.15] viral time 50 (n) 50 (n) Alwafi 15% 0.85 [0.45-1.62] viral+ 12/45 15/48 Rouamba (PSM) 31% 0.69 [0.37-1.32] viral+ 746 (n) 118 (n) AlQahtani (RCT) 47% 0.53 [0.24-1.16] viral+ 7/38 14/40 Hafez 12% 0.88 [0.53-1.43] viral+ 40 (n) 1,446 (n) Bassets-Bosch 29% 0.71 [0.30-1.69] viral time 5 (n) 5 (n) Hong (PSM) 0% 1.00 [0.48-2.08] viral+ 15 (n) 15 (n) Spivak (RCT) 17% 0.83 [0.62-1.10] viral+ 185 (n) 182 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.08, I​2​ = 77.9%, p = 0.004 Late treatment 17% 0.83 [0.73-0.94] 727/3,568 626/4,171 17% lower risk All studies 20% 0.80 [0.72-0.90] 1,017/4,550 805/4,609 20% lower risk All 47 HCQ COVID-19 viral clearance results c19hcq.org October 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.08, I​2​ = 78.5%, p = 0.00025 Favors HCQ Favors control