0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Kim (RCT) not reported, >3.5 years late 65 (total) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control PRINCIPLE Butler (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 400 (est. total) PRECISE Sarwar (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 137 (total) PHYTCOVID-19 Sow (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 231 (total) PROTECT Akram (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 550 (total) Okasha (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 100 (est. total) Gül (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 1,120 (total) Kara (RCT) not reported, >2 years late 1,008 (total) HyAzOUT Aston (RCT) not reported, >1.5 years late 1,550 (est. total) AMBUCOV Pineda (RCT) not reported, >1.5 years late 132 (est. total) Avezum (RCT) 1% 0.99 [0.29-3.41] 5/687 5/682 PROLIFIC Genton (RCT) not reported, >9 months late 800 (est. total) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.99 Early treatment 1% 0.99 [0.29-3.41] 5/687 5/682 1% lower risk PREP-COVID Treluyer (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 122 (total) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Niriella (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 402 (total) COVID-Milit Ajili (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 660 (est. total) HERO Connor (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 374 (est. total) COVID-SHIELD Pellegrini (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 2,250 (est. total) Burney (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 374 (est. total) PREVICHARM Morales-Ase.. (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 1,930 (est. total) PROLIFIC James (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 500 (est. total) Moraes (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 400 (est. total) HCQPreP Chauffe (RCT) not reported, >2 years late 1,700 (est. total) ELEVATE Granados-Mo.. (RCT) not reported, >2 years late 214 (est. total) PROTECT Nanni (RCT) not reported, >2 years late 2,300 (est. total) COPCOV White (RCT) not reported, >1.5 years late 4,652 (total) Gagneux-Bru.. (RCT) not reported, >1.5 years late 118 (total) PrEP no mortality results reported BCN-PEP-CoV2 Mitjà (RCT) 46% 0.54 [0.16-1.80] 4/1,196 8/1,301 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control PEACE Sarwar (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 125 (total) APCC-19 Abu-Helalah (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 93 (est. total) Borrie (RCT) not reported, >2 years late 336 (est. total) González (RCT) not reported, >1.5 years late 129 (total) HCQ-COVID19 Al Ansari (RCT) not reported, >1.5 years late 500 (est. total) Ghanem-Zoubi (RCT) not reported, >1 year late 582 (est. total) Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.32 PEP 46% 0.54 [0.16-1.80] 4/1,196 8/1,301 46% lower risk All studies 27% 0.73 [0.31-1.72] 9/1,883 13/1,983 27% lower risk HCQ COVID-19 early treatment and prophylaxis RCT mortality results c19hcq.org October 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.48 Favors HCQ Favors control