0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ PREP-COVID Treluyer (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 122 (total) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Niriella (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 402 (total) COVID-Milit Ajili (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 660 (est. total) HERO Connor (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 374 (est. total) COVID-SHIELD Pellegrini (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 2,250 (est. total) Grau-Pujol (RCT) 11% 0.89 [0.06-14.2] cases 1/142 1/127 COVID PREP Rajasingham (RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.49-1.08] cases 58/989 39/494 PATCH Abella (RCT) 5% 0.95 [0.25-3.63] cases 4/64 4/61 Burney (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 374 (est. total) PREVICHARM Morales-Ase.. (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 1,930 (est. total) Seet (RCT) 35% 0.65 [0.43-0.99] symp. case 29/432 64/619 PROLIFIC James (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 500 (est. total) Moraes (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 400 (est. total) Rojas-Serrano (RCT) 82% 0.18 [0.02-1.59] symp. case 1/62 6/65 Syed (RCT) -60% 1.60 [0.63-4.04] symp. case 10/48 6/46 HCQPreP Chauffe (RCT) not reported, >2 years late 1,700 (est. total) ELEVATE Granados-Mo.. (RCT) not reported, >2 years late 214 (est. total) HERO-HCQ Naggie (RCT) 24% 0.76 [0.51-1.14] symp. case 41/683 53/676 PROTECT Nanni (RCT) not reported, >2 years late 2,300 (est. total) WHIP COVID-19 McKinnon (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.09-10.7] symp. case 2/365 1/178 COPCOV White (RCT) not reported, >1.5 years late 4,652 (total) Gagneux-Bru.. (RCT) not reported, >1.5 years late 118 (total) HOPE Tirupakuzhi.. (RCT) 14% 0.86 [0.36-1.95] cases 11/211 12/203 EPICOS Polo (RCT) 51% 0.49 [0.00-2.29] symp. case 3/224 5/211 Nasri (RCT) 92% 0.08 [0.01-0.76] symp. case 0/70 6/73 Llanos-Cuen.. (RCT) -69% 1.69 [0.41-7.11] cases 5/36 3/32 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.0066 PrEP 25% 0.75 [0.61-0.92] 165/3,326 200/2,785 25% lower risk Boulware (RCT) 17% 0.83 [0.58-1.18] cases 49/414 58/407 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control BCN-PEP-CoV2 Mitjà (RCT) 32% 0.68 [0.34-1.34] cases 29/958 45/1,042 PEACE Sarwar (RCT) not reported, >3 years late 125 (total) HCQ COVID-19 PEP Barnabas (RCT) -27% 1.27 [0.79-2.03] cases 43/353 33/336 APCC-19 Abu-Helalah (RCT) not reported, >2.5 years late 93 (est. total) Borrie (RCT) not reported, >2 years late 336 (est. total) González (RCT) not reported, >1.5 years late 129 (total) HCQ-COVID19 Al Ansari (RCT) not reported, >1.5 years late 500 (est. total) Ghanem-Zoubi (RCT) not reported, >1 year late 582 (est. total) Dhibar (RCT) 27% 0.73 [0.40-1.35] symp. case 17/574 24/594 Tau​2​ = 0.03, I​2​ = 33.0%, p = 0.32 PEP 13% 0.87 [0.66-1.14] 138/2,299 160/2,379 13% lower risk All studies 19% 0.81 [0.69-0.94] 303/5,625 360/5,164 19% lower risk All 16 HCQ COVID-19 RCT case results c19hcq.org October 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.0049 Favors HCQ Favors control