0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Ashraf 68% 0.32 [0.10-1.10] 10/77 2/5 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Guérin 61% 0.39 [0.02-9.06] 0/20 1/34 Derwand 79% 0.21 [0.03-1.47] 1/141 13/377 Bernabeu-Wittel 94% 0.06 [0.01-0.31] 24/139 37/83 Yu (ES) 85% 0.15 [0.03-0.74] 1/73 238/2,604 Ly 56% 0.44 [0.26-0.75] 18/116 29/110 Ip 55% 0.45 [0.11-1.85] 2/97 44/970 Heras 96% 0.04 [0.02-0.09] 8/70 16/30 Sulaiman 64% 0.36 [0.16-0.80] 7/1,817 54/3,724 Guisado-Vasco (ES) 67% 0.33 [0.05-1.55] 2/65 139/542 Cadegiani 81% 0.19 [0.01-3.88] 0/159 2/137 Mokhtari 70% 0.30 [0.20-0.45] 27/7,295 287/21,464 Corradini (ES) 67% 0.33 [0.14-0.78] 641 (n) 102 (n) Million 83% 0.17 [0.06-0.48] 5/8,315 11/2,114 Avezum (RCT) 1% 0.99 [0.29-3.41] 5/687 5/682 Rathod 73% 0.27 [0.09-0.83] 513 (n) 52 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.67, I​2​ = 78.5%, p < 0.0001 Early treatment 76% 0.24 [0.14-0.40] 110/20,225 878/33,030 76% lower risk Barbosa -147% 2.47 [0.24-25.0] 2/17 1/21 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Magagnoli 11% 0.89 [0.45-1.77] 39/148 18/163 Auld -3% 1.03 [0.67-1.57] 33/114 29/103 Sánchez-Álvarez 46% 0.54 [0.34-0.84] 322 (n) 53 (n) Membrillo de No.. 55% 0.45 [0.29-0.71] 27/123 21/43 Alberici 43% 0.57 [0.24-1.13] 17/72 9/22 Rosenberg -35% 1.35 [0.76-2.40] 189/735 28/221 Mahévas -20% 1.20 [0.40-3.30] 9/84 8/89 Yu 60% 0.40 [0.22-0.72] 9/48 238/502 Singh 5% 0.95 [0.74-1.22] 104/910 109/910 Luo 32% 0.68 [0.08-5.88] 19 (n) 264 (n) Hraiech (ICU) 65% 0.35 [0.08-1.56] 2/17 5/15 Ip 1% 0.99 [0.80-1.22] 432/1,914 115/598 Goldman 22% 0.78 [0.40-1.52] 10/109 34/288 Kuderer -134% 2.34 [1.62-3.21] 45/181 76/747 Rogado 92% 0.08 [0.00-0.87] 1/8 7/9 RECOVERY RECOVERY Co.. (RCT) -9% 1.09 [0.97-1.23] 421/1,561 790/3,155 Wang 6% 0.94 [0.75-1.19] 1,866 (n) 5,726 (n) Luo -2% 1.02 [0.39-2.65] 11/35 4/13 Paccoud 11% 0.89 [0.23-3.47] 21/38 26/46 Sbidian -5% 1.05 [0.77-1.33] 111/623 830/3,792 Fontana 50% 0.50 [0.16-1.55] 4/12 2/3 Bousquet 43% 0.57 [0.24-1.36] 5/27 23/81 Lagier 59% 0.41 [0.27-0.62] 35/3,119 58/618 Sosa-García (ICU) -11% 1.11 [0.32-3.78] 7/38 3/18 Mikami 47% 0.53 [0.41-0.68] 575/2,077 231/743 Martinez-Lopez 33% 0.67 [0.39-1.14] 47/148 9/19 Arshad 51% 0.49 [0.39-0.60] 162/1,202 108/409 Rivera-Izquierdo 19% 0.81 [0.24-2.76] 215 (n) 23 (n) Cravedi -53% 1.53 [0.84-2.80] 36/101 10/43 Lecronier (ICU) 42% 0.58 [0.27-1.24] 9/38 9/22 Trullàs 36% 0.64 [0.39-1.07] 20/66 16/34 Gupta -6% 1.06 [0.92-1.23] 631/1,761 153/454 Lyngbakken (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.06-14.6] 1/27 1/26 McGrail -70% 1.70 [0.41-7.07] 4/33 3/42 Krishnan 20% 0.80 [0.52-1.21] 86/144 6/8 Bernaola 17% 0.83 [0.77-0.89] 236/1,498 28/147 Kelly -143% 2.43 [1.06-5.56] 23/82 6/52 Rivera -2% 1.02 [0.67-1.53] 44/179 59/327 Cavalcanti (RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.28-2.53] 8/331 5/173 Santos 10% 0.90 [0.24-3.36] 8/31 2/7 D'Arminio Monfo.. 34% 0.66 [0.39-1.11] 53/197 47/92 Yu 85% 0.15 [0.03-0.74] 1/73 238/2,604 Berenguer 18% 0.82 [0.74-0.90] 681/2,618 438/1,377 Kalligeros -67% 1.67 [0.29-9.36] 36 (n) 72 (n) Roomi -38% 1.38 [0.40-2.76] 13/144 6/32 Peters -9% 1.09 [0.81-1.47] 419/1,596 53/353 Pinato 59% 0.41 [0.29-0.58] 30/182 181/446 Gonzalez 27% 0.73 [0.53-1.01] 1,246/8,476 341/1,168 Pasquini (ICU) 16% 0.84 [0.62-1.14] 23/33 15/18 Catteau 32% 0.68 [0.62-0.76] 804/4,542 957/3,533 Di Castelnuovo 30% 0.70 [0.59-0.84] 386/2,634 90/817 Fried -27% 1.27 [1.18-1.36] 1,048/4,232 1,466/7,489 Albani 18% 0.82 [0.61-1.06] 60/211 172/605 Synolaki 24% 0.76 [0.49-1.18] 21/98 60/214 Alamdari 55% 0.45 [0.25-0.83] 54/427 9/32 Heberto 54% 0.46 [0.19-0.97] 139 (n) 115 (n) Lauriola 74% 0.27 [0.17-0.41] 102/297 35/63 Serrano 43% 0.57 [0.28-1.18] 6/14 6/8 TEACH Ulrich (RCT) -6% 1.06 [0.38-2.98] 7/67 6/61 Shoaibi 15% 0.85 [0.79-0.91] 686/5,047 3,923/24,404 Ayerbe 52% 0.48 [0.37-0.62] 237/1,857 49/162 Nachega 28% 0.72 [0.49-1.06] 69/630 28/96 Ader (RCT) -15% 1.15 [0.55-2.27] 11/150 13/149 Soto-Becerra 18% 0.82 [0.76-0.89] 346/692 1,606/2,630 Aparisi 63% 0.37 [0.27-0.50] 122/605 27/49 Annie 4% 0.96 [0.65-1.37] 48/367 50/367 SOLIDARITY SOLIDARITY .. (RCT) -19% 1.19 [0.89-1.59] 104/947 84/906 Guisado-Vasco 20% 0.80 [0.47-1.26] 127/558 14/49 Solh -18% 1.18 [0.93-1.51] 131/265 134/378 Ñamendys-S.. (ICU) 32% 0.68 [0.38-1.20] 24/54 42/64 Dubee (RCT) 46% 0.54 [0.21-1.42] 6/124 11/123 Lano 33% 0.67 [0.28-1.31] 56 (n) 66 (n) Coll 46% 0.54 [0.41-0.72] 55/307 108/328 Frontera (PSM) 37% 0.63 [0.44-0.91] 121/1,006 424/2,467 Tehrani 13% 0.87 [0.54-1.40] 16/65 54/190 Salazar -37% 1.37 [0.77-2.42] 12/92 80/811 Rodriguez-Nava -6% 1.06 [0.72-1.56] 22/65 79/248 Maldonado 91% 0.09 [0.00-2.70] 1/11 1/1 Núñez-Gil 8% 0.92 [0.87-0.94] 200/686 100/268 ORCHID Self (RCT) -6% 1.06 [0.57-1.87] 25/241 25/236 Rodriguez 59% 0.41 [0.13-1.31] 8/39 2/4 Águila-Gordo 67% 0.33 [0.09-1.24] 151/346 47/70 Sheshah 80% 0.20 [0.09-0.45] 267 (n) 33 (n) Boari 55% 0.45 [0.30-0.68] 41/202 25/56 Budhiraja 65% 0.35 [0.24-0.50] 69/834 34/142 Falcone (PSM) 65% 0.35 [0.07-1.73] 40/238 30/77 Qin 34% 0.66 [0.22-2.00] 3/43 75/706 Burdick -59% 1.59 [0.89-2.83] 142 (n) 148 (n) van Halem 32% 0.68 [0.47-1.00] 34/164 47/155 Rodriguez-Gonzalez 23% 0.77 [0.51-1.17] 251/1,148 17/60 Lambermont 32% 0.68 [0.25-1.87] 97/225 14/22 Abdulrahman (PSM) 17% 0.83 [0.26-2.69] 5/223 6/223 Aboulenain -15% 1.15 [0.54-2.48] 82 (n) 93 (n) Modrák 59% 0.41 [0.18-0.95] 108 (n) 105 (n) Ozturk 44% 0.56 [0.28-1.13] 165/1,127 6/23 Guglielmetti 35% 0.65 [0.33-1.30] 181 (n) 37 (n) Rosenthal -8% 1.08 [0.98-1.19] n/a n/a Bielza 22% 0.78 [0.59-1.05] 33/91 249/539 Naseem 33% 0.67 [0.30-1.53] 77 (n) 1,137 (n) Orioli 13% 0.87 [0.26-2.94] 8/55 3/18 De Luna -105% 2.05 [0.29-14.6] 15/132 1/18 Signes-Costa 47% 0.53 [0.37-0.75] 4,854 (n) 993 (n) Matangila 55% 0.45 [0.07-1.27] 25/147 8/13 Cangiano 73% 0.27 [0.12-0.61] 5/33 37/65 Taccone (ICU) 25% 0.75 [0.58-0.95] 449/1,308 183/439 Chari 33% 0.67 [0.37-1.22] 8/29 195/473 Vernaz (PSM) 15% 0.85 [0.42-1.70] 12/93 16/105 Texeira -79% 1.79 [0.95-3.38] 17/65 14/96 Psevdos -63% 1.63 [0.55-4.84] 17/52 3/15 Mahale 29% 0.71 [0.40-1.28] 25/102 11/32 Sands -70% 1.70 [1.18-2.42] 101/973 56/696 Lotfy -25% 1.25 [0.39-3.96] 6/99 5/103 Sarfaraz -45% 1.45 [0.98-2.15] 40/94 27/92 Yegerov 95% 0.0 [0.00-5e+186] 0/23 20/1,049 Di Castelnuovo 40% 0.60 [0.50-0.70] 3,270 (n) 1,000 (n) Roig 16% 0.84 [0.49-1.44] 33/67 7/12 Ubaldo (ICU) 18% 0.82 [0.52-1.28] 17/25 5/6 Ouedraogo 33% 0.67 [0.28-1.62] 397 (n) 59 (n) Hernandez-C.. (RCT) 12% 0.88 [0.51-1.53] 106 (n) 108 (n) Lora-Tamayo 50% 0.50 [0.44-0.56] 7,192 (n) 1,361 (n) Awad -19% 1.19 [0.84-1.70] 56/188 37/148 Lamback 9% 0.91 [0.41-2.00] 11/101 11/92 Beltran Gon.. (RCT) 63% 0.37 [0.08-1.73] 2/33 6/37 Salvador 33% 0.67 [0.40-1.03] 28/121 58/124 Martin-Vice.. (ICU) 59% 0.41 [0.05-3.39] 37/91 1/1 Stewart 1% 0.99 [0.73-1.35] 66/578 188/1,243 Stewart -130% 2.30 [1.49-3.54] 32/108 33/256 Stewart -9% 1.09 [0.76-1.56] 212/1,157 203/1,101 Stewart -90% 1.90 [0.91-4.10] 46/208 47/1,334 Stewart -16% 1.16 [0.90-1.51] 428/1,711 123/688 Stewart -18% 1.18 [0.88-1.58] 90/429 141/737 Barry 99% 0.0 [0.00-1e+05] 0/6 91/599 Alghamdi -7% 1.07 [0.61-1.88] 44/568 15/207 Mulhem -28% 1.28 [0.96-1.71] 435/2,496 81/723 Gadhiya -5% 1.05 [0.51-1.97] 22/55 33/216 TOGETHER Reis (RCT) 66% 0.34 [0.01-8.30] 0/214 1/227 Corradini 70% 0.30 [0.21-0.41] 1,439 (n) 274 (n) Mohandas -81% 1.81 [1.21-2.72] 27/384 115/2,961 Réa-Neto (RCT) -57% 1.57 [0.79-3.13] 16/53 10/52 Kokturk -4% 1.04 [0.10-7.64] 62/1,382 5/118 Aghajani 19% 0.81 [0.62-1.03] 553 (n) 438 (n) Haji Aghajani 19% 0.81 [0.62-1.03] 553 (n) 438 (n) FACCT Bosaeed (RCT) 4% 0.96 [0.49-1.91] 14/125 15/129 Çiyiltepe (ICU) 3% 0.97 [0.79-1.18] 69/95 39/52 De Rosa 35% 0.65 [0.44-0.93] 118/731 80/280 Sammartino (PSM) -240% 3.40 [1.61-7.40] 137 (n) 191 (n) Smith 27% 0.73 [0.58-0.87] 19/37 182/218 Ramírez-García 67% 0.33 [0.22-0.50] 48/350 22/53 Sivapalan (RCT) 92% 0.08 [0.00-11.7] 1/61 2/56 Lagier 32% 0.68 [0.52-0.88] 93/1,270 146/841 Singh (RCT) 48% 0.53 [0.15-1.82] 3/20 6/21 Turrini 10% 0.90 [0.75-1.03] 103/160 33/45 Gerlovin -22% 1.22 [0.91-1.63] 90/429 141/770 Jacobs 7% 0.93 [0.69-1.27] 24/46 86/154 Roger (ICU) 0% 1.00 [0.65-1.45] 53/289 120/677 Tamura -299% 3.99 [1.05-15.2] 25 (n) 163 (n) Barrat-Due (RCT) -120% 2.20 [0.40-10.8] 4/45 2/48 Alhamlan -52% 1.52 [0.24-5.23] n/a n/a Barra 11% 0.89 [0.24-3.35] 2/18 81/650 Alghamdi (ICU) -39% 1.39 [0.66-2.95] 29/128 7/43 Karruli (ICU) 5% 0.95 [0.52-1.76] 20/28 3/4 Alotaibi -134% 2.33 [0.99-5.49] 193 (n) 244 (n) Çivriz Bozdağ -399% 4.99 [1.74-14.3] 35 (n) 140 (n) Menardi 35% 0.65 [0.39-1.07] 32/200 19/77 Panda (RCT) 48% 0.53 [0.15-1.82] 3/20 6/21 Atipornwan.. (RCT) 56% 0.44 [0.19-1.02] 7/100 16/100 Guglielmetti 28% 0.72 [0.48-1.08] 474 (n) 126 (n) Sarhan (RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.38-1.44] 12/56 15/52 Cortez 15% 0.85 [0.12-6.27] 1/25 12/255 Schmidt (PSM) -333% 4.33 [2.07-9.04] 70 (n) 407 (n) Calderón -215% 3.15 [0.40-24.7] 5/27 1/17 Ferreira -151% 2.51 [1.09-4.43] 17/111 11/81 AbdelGhaffar 100% 0.00 [0.00-0.02] 0/238 900/3,474 Tu 17% 0.83 [0.37-1.85] 6/37 28/143 Lavilla Olleros 36% 0.64 [0.55-0.73] 2,285/12,772 774/2,149 Omma 28% 0.72 [0.39-1.33] 17/213 20/180 Fernández-Cruz 27% 0.73 [0.34-1.57] 23/63 4/8 Albanghali -35% 1.35 [0.65-2.77] 20/466 11/345 Hall (ICU) 11% 0.89 [0.69-1.14] 31/56 280/449 Rouamba 80% 0.20 [0.10-0.44] 20/336 24/73 Soto -6% 1.06 [0.91-1.23] 292/590 362/828 Tsanovska (PSM) 58% 0.42 [0.20-0.90] 8/70 19/70 Azaña Gómez 36% 0.64 [0.58-0.72] 500/1,378 238/421 Salehi (ICU) -14% 1.14 [0.82-1.60] 53/86 21/39 Uyaroğlu (PSM) -200% 3.00 [0.13-71.6] 1/42 0/42 Ebongue 43% 0.57 [0.33-0.97] 93/522 36/58 Silva -46% 1.46 [0.77-2.21] 21 (n) 374 (n) Osawa 29% 0.71 [0.50-1.02] 25/71 71/144 Malundo -24% 1.24 [0.83-1.87] 20/90 201/1,125 Lyashchenko -48% 1.48 [1.30-1.68] 389/1,419 341/1,837 Bowen 20% 0.80 [0.68-0.94] 1,317 (n) 3,314 (n) Núñez-Gil (PSM) 53% 0.47 [0.36-0.62] 581 (n) 581 (n) Go 55% 0.45 [0.22-0.91] n/a n/a Gómez 36% 0.64 [0.58-0.72] 500/1,378 238/421 Assad 60% 0.40 [0.21-0.77] 9/72 68/219 Bubenek-Tur.. (ICU) 22% 0.78 [0.64-0.95] n/a n/a Alosaimi (PSM) -400% 5.00 [0.25-101] 2/37 0/37 REMAP-CAP Higgins (RCT) -51% 1.51 [0.98-2.29] 16/41 107/311 Alshamrani (PSM) 50% 0.50 [0.17-1.30] 6/161 50/653 Delgado 26% 0.74 [0.61-0.90] 1,239 (n) 8,399 (n) Aweimer 40% 0.60 [0.29-1.25] 4/9 104/140 Krishnan 40% 0.60 [0.40-1.10] case control Said 78% 0.22 [0.13-0.40] 14/435 58/405 AlQadheeb (ICU) 35% 0.65 [0.51-0.84] 37/92 466/756 Yilgwan 93% 0.07 [0.03-0.14] 1,039 (n) 2,423 (n) de Gonzalo-.. (ICU) 38% 0.62 [0.30-1.30] 6/32 138/459 Shamsi -39% 1.39 [0.52-3.71] 4/23 20/160 Afşin 17% 0.83 [0.51-1.36] 15/36 22/44 Burhan (ICU) -1% 1.01 [0.88-1.16] 84/123 294/436 Meeus 36% 0.64 [0.46-0.88] 59/352 916/3,533 Souza-Silva -5% 1.05 [0.85-1.31] 135/673 128/673 Tau​2​ = 0.11, I​2​ = 86.1%, p < 0.0001 Late treatment 21% 0.79 [0.75-0.84] 19,471/128,410 23,378/136,155 21% lower risk Santos 92% 0.08 [0.00-1.16] 0/7 10/31 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Rentsch -3% 1.03 [0.80-1.33] population-based cohort Gentry 91% 0.09 [0.00-1.52] 0/10,703 7/21,406 Arleo 50% 0.50 [0.06-4.02] 1/20 5/50 Jung 59% 0.41 [0.02-9.97] 0/649 1/1,417 Rangel 25% 0.75 [0.25-2.24] 4/50 11/103 Trefond -17% 1.17 [0.33-3.54] 4/68 12/183 Strangfeld 48% 0.52 [0.37-0.71] 27/426 124/739 Pham 20% 0.80 [0.15-2.79] 2/14 5/28 Alegiani -8% 1.08 [0.79-1.46] case control Alzahrani 59% 0.41 [0.02-9.55] 0/14 1/33 Korkmaz 82% 0.18 [0.01-3.72] 0/385 2/299 Patil 66% 0.34 [0.10-1.22] 5,266 (n) 3,946 (n) Fung 13% 0.87 [0.72-1.05] population-based cohort Erden -150% 2.50 [0.13-48.0] 1/6 0/3 Loucera 69% 0.31 [0.17-0.57] 320 (n) 15,648 (n) Oku 92% 0.08 [0.00-1.27] 0/14 11/206 Isnardi 34% 0.66 [0.33-1.17] 11/361 72/1,554 Mathew 20% 0.80 [0.20-3.20] 23 (n) 41 (n) Chevalier 35% 0.65 [0.30-1.20] 7/55 109/535 Klebanov 31% 0.69 [0.22-2.19] Tau​2​ = 0.07, I​2​ = 42.3%, p = 0.0019 PrEP 30% 0.70 [0.56-0.88] 57/18,381 370/46,222 30% lower risk BCN-PEP-CoV2 Mitjà (RCT) 46% 0.54 [0.16-1.80] 4/1,196 8/1,301 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.32 PEP 46% 0.54 [0.16-1.80] 4/1,196 8/1,301 46% lower risk All studies 25% 0.75 [0.71-0.80] 19,642/168,212 24,634/216,708 25% lower risk All 250 HCQ COVID-19 mortality results c19hcq.org October 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.13, I​2​ = 86.3%, p < 0.0001 Favors HCQ Favors control
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Ashraf 68% 10/77 2/5 Relative Risk [CI] Treatment Control Guérin 61% 0/20 1/34 Derwand 79% 1/141 13/377 Bernabeu-Wittel 94% 24/139 37/83 Yu (ES) 85% 1/73 238/2,604 Ly 56% 18/116 29/110 Ip 55% 2/97 44/970 Heras 96% 8/70 16/30 Sulaiman 64% 7/1,817 54/3,724 Guisado-Vasco (.. 67% 2/65 139/542 Cadegiani 81% 0/159 2/137 Mokhtari 70% 27/7,295 287/21,464 Corradini (ES) 67% 641 (n) 102 (n) Million 83% 5/8,315 11/2,114 Avezum (RCT) 1% 5/687 5/682 Rathod 73% 513 (n) 52 (n) Tau​2​ = 0.67, I​2​ = 78.5%, p < 0.0001 Early treatment 76% 76% lower risk Barbosa -147% 2/17 1/21 Treatment Control Magagnoli 11% 39/148 18/163 Auld -3% 33/114 29/103 Sánchez-Álvarez 46% 322 (n) 53 (n) Membrillo de N.. 55% 27/123 21/43 Alberici 43% 17/72 9/22 Rosenberg -35% 189/735 28/221 Mahévas -20% 9/84 8/89 Yu 60% 9/48 238/502 Singh 5% 104/910 109/910 Luo 32% 19 (n) 264 (n) Hraiech (ICU) 65% 2/17 5/15 Ip 1% 432/1,914 115/598 Goldman 22% 10/109 34/288 Kuderer -134% 45/181 76/747 Rogado 92% 1/8 7/9 RECOVERY RECOVERY C.. (RCT) -9% 421/1,561 790/3,155 Wang 6% 1,866 (n) 5,726 (n) Luo -2% 11/35 4/13 Paccoud 11% 21/38 26/46 Sbidian -5% 111/623 830/3,792 Fontana 50% 4/12 2/3 Bousquet 43% 5/27 23/81 Lagier 59% 35/3,119 58/618 Sosa-García (ICU) -11% 7/38 3/18 Mikami 47% 575/2,077 231/743 Martinez-Lopez 33% 47/148 9/19 Arshad 51% 162/1,202 108/409 Rivera-Izquierdo 19% 215 (n) 23 (n) Cravedi -53% 36/101 10/43 Lecronier (ICU) 42% 9/38 9/22 Trullàs 36% 20/66 16/34 Gupta -6% 631/1,761 153/454 Lyngbakken (RCT) 4% 1/27 1/26 McGrail -70% 4/33 3/42 Krishnan 20% 86/144 6/8 Bernaola 17% 236/1,498 28/147 Kelly -143% 23/82 6/52 Rivera -2% 44/179 59/327 Cavalcanti (RCT) 16% 8/331 5/173 Santos 10% 8/31 2/7 D'Arminio Monf.. 34% 53/197 47/92 Yu 85% 1/73 238/2,604 Berenguer 18% 681/2,618 438/1,377 Kalligeros -67% 36 (n) 72 (n) Roomi -38% 13/144 6/32 Peters -9% 419/1,596 53/353 Pinato 59% 30/182 181/446 Gonzalez 27% 1,246/8,476 341/1,168 Pasquini (ICU) 16% 23/33 15/18 Catteau 32% 804/4,542 957/3,533 Di Castelnuovo 30% 386/2,634 90/817 Fried -27% 1,048/4,232 1,466/7,489 Albani 18% 60/211 172/605 Synolaki 24% 21/98 60/214 Alamdari 55% 54/427 9/32 Heberto 54% 139 (n) 115 (n) Lauriola 74% 102/297 35/63 Serrano 43% 6/14 6/8 TEACH Ulrich (RCT) -6% 7/67 6/61 Shoaibi 15% 686/5,047 3,923/24,404 Ayerbe 52% 237/1,857 49/162 Nachega 28% 69/630 28/96 Ader (RCT) -15% 11/150 13/149 Soto-Becerra 18% 346/692 1,606/2,630 Aparisi 63% 122/605 27/49 Annie 4% 48/367 50/367 SOLIDARITY SOLIDARITY.. (RCT) -19% 104/947 84/906 Guisado-Vasco 20% 127/558 14/49 Solh -18% 131/265 134/378 Ñamendys-.. (ICU) 32% 24/54 42/64 Dubee (RCT) 46% 6/124 11/123 Lano 33% 56 (n) 66 (n) Coll 46% 55/307 108/328 Frontera (PSM) 37% 121/1,006 424/2,467 Tehrani 13% 16/65 54/190 Salazar -37% 12/92 80/811 Rodriguez-Nava -6% 22/65 79/248 Maldonado 91% 1/11 1/1 Núñez-Gil 8% 200/686 100/268 ORCHID Self (RCT) -6% 25/241 25/236 Rodriguez 59% 8/39 2/4 Águila-Gordo 67% 151/346 47/70 Sheshah 80% 267 (n) 33 (n) Boari 55% 41/202 25/56 Budhiraja 65% 69/834 34/142 Falcone (PSM) 65% 40/238 30/77 Qin 34% 3/43 75/706 Burdick -59% 142 (n) 148 (n) van Halem 32% 34/164 47/155 Rodriguez-Gonza.. 23% 251/1,148 17/60 Lambermont 32% 97/225 14/22 Abdulrah.. (PSM) 17% 5/223 6/223 Aboulenain -15% 82 (n) 93 (n) Modrák 59% 108 (n) 105 (n) Ozturk 44% 165/1,127 6/23 Guglielmetti 35% 181 (n) 37 (n) Rosenthal -8% n/a n/a Bielza 22% 33/91 249/539 Naseem 33% 77 (n) 1,137 (n) Orioli 13% 8/55 3/18 De Luna -105% 15/132 1/18 Signes-Costa 47% 4,854 (n) 993 (n) Matangila 55% 25/147 8/13 Cangiano 73% 5/33 37/65 Taccone (ICU) 25% 449/1,308 183/439 Chari 33% 8/29 195/473 Vernaz (PSM) 15% 12/93 16/105 Texeira -79% 17/65 14/96 Psevdos -63% 17/52 3/15 Mahale 29% 25/102 11/32 Sands -70% 101/973 56/696 Lotfy -25% 6/99 5/103 Sarfaraz -45% 40/94 27/92 Yegerov 95% 0/23 20/1,049 Di Castelnuovo 40% 3,270 (n) 1,000 (n) Roig 16% 33/67 7/12 Ubaldo (ICU) 18% 17/25 5/6 Ouedraogo 33% 397 (n) 59 (n) Hernandez-.. (RCT) 12% 106 (n) 108 (n) Lora-Tamayo 50% 7,192 (n) 1,361 (n) Awad -19% 56/188 37/148 Lamback 9% 11/101 11/92 Beltran Go.. (RCT) 63% 2/33 6/37 Salvador 33% 28/121 58/124 Martin-Vic.. (ICU) 59% 37/91 1/1 Stewart 1% 66/578 188/1,243 Stewart -130% 32/108 33/256 Stewart -9% 212/1,157 203/1,101 Stewart -90% 46/208 47/1,334 Stewart -16% 428/1,711 123/688 Stewart -18% 90/429 141/737 Barry 99% 0/6 91/599 Alghamdi -7% 44/568 15/207 Mulhem -28% 435/2,496 81/723 Gadhiya -5% 22/55 33/216 TOGETHER Reis (RCT) 66% 0/214 1/227 Corradini 70% 1,439 (n) 274 (n) Mohandas -81% 27/384 115/2,961 Réa-Neto (RCT) -57% 16/53 10/52 Kokturk -4% 62/1,382 5/118 Aghajani 19% 553 (n) 438 (n) Haji Aghajani 19% 553 (n) 438 (n) FACCT Bosaeed (RCT) 4% 14/125 15/129 Çiyiltepe (ICU) 3% 69/95 39/52 De Rosa 35% 118/731 80/280 Sammart.. (PSM) -240% 137 (n) 191 (n) Smith 27% 19/37 182/218 Ramírez-García 67% 48/350 22/53 Sivapalan (RCT) 92% 1/61 2/56 Lagier 32% 93/1,270 146/841 Singh (RCT) 48% 3/20 6/21 Turrini 10% 103/160 33/45 Gerlovin -22% 90/429 141/770 Jacobs 7% 24/46 86/154 Roger (ICU) 0% 53/289 120/677 Tamura -299% 25 (n) 163 (n) Barrat-Due (RCT) -120% 4/45 2/48 Alhamlan -52% n/a n/a Barra 11% 2/18 81/650 Alghamdi (ICU) -39% 29/128 7/43 Karruli (ICU) 5% 20/28 3/4 Alotaibi -134% 193 (n) 244 (n) Çivriz Bozdağ -399% 35 (n) 140 (n) Menardi 35% 32/200 19/77 Panda (RCT) 48% 3/20 6/21 Atipornwa.. (RCT) 56% 7/100 16/100 Guglielmetti 28% 474 (n) 126 (n) Sarhan (RCT) 26% 12/56 15/52 Cortez 15% 1/25 12/255 Schmidt (PSM) -333% 70 (n) 407 (n) Calderón -215% 5/27 1/17 Ferreira -151% 17/111 11/81 AbdelGhaffar 100% 0/238 900/3,474 Tu 17% 6/37 28/143 Lavilla Olleros 36% 2,285/12,772 774/2,149 Omma 28% 17/213 20/180 Fernández-Cruz 27% 23/63 4/8 Albanghali -35% 20/466 11/345 Hall (ICU) 11% 31/56 280/449 Rouamba 80% 20/336 24/73 Soto -6% 292/590 362/828 Tsanovska (PSM) 58% 8/70 19/70 Azaña Gómez 36% 500/1,378 238/421 Salehi (ICU) -14% 53/86 21/39 Uyaroğlu (PSM) -200% 1/42 0/42 Ebongue 43% 93/522 36/58 Silva -46% 21 (n) 374 (n) Osawa 29% 25/71 71/144 Malundo -24% 20/90 201/1,125 Lyashchenko -48% 389/1,419 341/1,837 Bowen 20% 1,317 (n) 3,314 (n) Núñez-Gil (PSM) 53% 581 (n) 581 (n) Go 55% n/a n/a Gómez 36% 500/1,378 238/421 Assad 60% 9/72 68/219 Bubenek-Tu.. (ICU) 22% n/a n/a Alosaimi (PSM) -400% 2/37 0/37 REMAP-CAP Higgins (RCT) -51% 16/41 107/311 Alshamrani (PSM) 50% 6/161 50/653 Delgado 26% 1,239 (n) 8,399 (n) Aweimer 40% 4/9 104/140 Krishnan 40% case control Said 78% 14/435 58/405 AlQadheeb (ICU) 35% 37/92 466/756 Yilgwan 93% 1,039 (n) 2,423 (n) de Gonzalo.. (ICU) 38% 6/32 138/459 Shamsi -39% 4/23 20/160 Afşin 17% 15/36 22/44 Burhan (ICU) -1% 84/123 294/436 Meeus 36% 59/352 916/3,533 Souza-Silva -5% 135/673 128/673 Tau​2​ = 0.11, I​2​ = 86.1%, p < 0.0001 Late treatment 21% 21% lower risk Santos 92% 0/7 10/31 Treatment Control Rentsch -3% population-based cohort Gentry 91% 0/10,703 7/21,406 Arleo 50% 1/20 5/50 Jung 59% 0/649 1/1,417 Rangel 25% 4/50 11/103 Trefond -17% 4/68 12/183 Strangfeld 48% 27/426 124/739 Pham 20% 2/14 5/28 Alegiani -8% case control Alzahrani 59% 0/14 1/33 Korkmaz 82% 0/385 2/299 Patil 66% 5,266 (n) 3,946 (n) Fung 13% population-based cohort Erden -150% 1/6 0/3 Loucera 69% 320 (n) 15,648 (n) Oku 92% 0/14 11/206 Isnardi 34% 11/361 72/1,554 Mathew 20% 23 (n) 41 (n) Chevalier 35% 7/55 109/535 Klebanov 31% Tau​2​ = 0.07, I​2​ = 42.3%, p = 0.0019 PrEP 30% 30% lower risk BCN-PEP-CoV2 Mitjà (RCT) 46% 4/1,196 8/1,301 Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.32 PEP 46% 46% lower risk All studies 25% 25% lower risk All 250 HCQ C19 mortality results c19hcq.org October 2023 Tau​2​ = 0.13, I​2​ = 86.3%, p < 0.0001 Rotate device for details Favors HCQ Favors control